Porter Chris L, Chojnacki Noah A, Coyne Sarah M, Yang Chongming, Reschke Peter J, Stockdale Laura A, Holmgren Hailey G
School of Family Life, Brigham Young University.
Dev Psychol. 2025 May 5. doi: 10.1037/dev0001982.
The purpose of this study was twofold, first, to examine potential changes in young children's media use starting a year prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and 2 years following onset (between 2½ and 4½ years of child age). Second, to examine links between children's screen time and their emerging regulatory functioning as indexed by respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). Participants ( = 269, 48% female at Wave 3) were drawn from Waves 3 to 5 of Project Media Effects on Development from Infancy to Adulthood, a longitudinal study on the impact of early media use on children's development. Parents reported children's time using media across different medium (e.g., television, tablets, book reading, smartphones). At Waves 3 and 5, children's baseline RSA was recorded in their homes. Results revealed an increase in nearly all forms of media during the first year of COVID-19 pandemic (W4) and decreases during year 2 (W5) with some but not all forms of media returning to W3 levels. A growth mixture model found two distinct classes of participants primarily across measures of socioeconomic status (SES). Higher levels of screen time pre-COVID-19 pandemic were linked to lower RSA 2 years later, regardless of SES. Protective factors were observed for children from lower SES families, including if they had higher income relative to other class members. Findings are framed in the context of displacement and polyvagal theory, suggesting that higher levels of media consumption early in life may displace opportunities that support children's emerging regulatory systems. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
本研究有两个目的，第一，考察在新冠疫情开始前一年至开始后两年（儿童年龄在2.5至4.5岁之间）幼儿媒体使用情况的潜在变化。第二，考察儿童的屏幕使用时间与其以呼吸性窦性心律不齐（RSA）为指标的新兴调节功能之间的联系。参与者（第3波时n = 269，48%为女性）来自“从婴儿期到成年期媒体对发展的影响”项目的第3至5波，这是一项关于早期媒体使用对儿童发展影响的纵向研究。家长报告了孩子在不同媒介（如电视、平板电脑、阅读书籍、智能手机）上的媒体使用时间。在第3波和第5波时，在孩子家中记录其基线RSA。结果显示，在新冠疫情的第一年（第4波）几乎所有形式的媒体使用都有所增加，而在第二年（第5波）有所减少，一些但并非所有形式的媒体使用回到了第3波的水平。一个增长混合模型发现，主要根据社会经济地位（SES）指标存在两类不同的参与者。在新冠疫情之前屏幕使用时间较高与两年后的较低RSA相关，无论SES如何。观察到来自低SES家庭的儿童存在保护因素，包括相对于其他类别成员而言他们有较高收入。研究结果是在替代和多元迷走神经理论的背景下阐述的，表明生命早期较高水平的媒体消费可能会取代支持儿童新兴调节系统的机会。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2025美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
