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不对称极化:认为共和党人对弱势群体构成伤害的这种认知,导致民主党人在社交场合中对共和党人更为反感。

Asymmetric polarization: The perception that Republicans pose harm to disadvantaged groups drives Democrats' greater dislike of Republicans in social contexts.

作者信息

Nair Krishnan, Anderson Rajen A, Spelman Trevor, Mosleh Mohsen, Kouchaki Maryam

机构信息

Gies College of Business, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.

Leeds University Business School, University of Leeds.

出版信息

J Pers Soc Psychol. 2025 May 5. doi: 10.1037/pspi0000495.

Abstract

Given growing political polarization in recent years, partisan dislike-defined as the negativity that individuals display at the prospect of having close social relations with supporters of the other party-has received increasing attention. While traditional work in social and political psychology has held that conservatives display greater outgroup hostility than liberals, the worldview conflict perspective suggests that both groups similarly express hostility toward value incongruent outgroups. Contradicting both established perspectives, we present evidence across five preregistered studies (and two additional studies reported in the Supplemental Materials) conducted between 2022 and 2023-two social media field experiments ( = 10,000) examining actual behavior and five survey-based studies ( = 2,443) operationalizing partisan dislike in various ways (e.g., blocking on social media, rating the likability of various targets, and evaluating hiring suitability)-that Democrats (i.e., liberals) dislike Republicans (i.e., conservatives) more than vice versa. We provide a potential explanation for this phenomenon by extending the worldview conflict perspective to account for asymmetries in how moralized specific values are among two conflicting groups at a given point in time. Specifically, we theorize that in light of recent social trends in the modern-day United States, the moralized belief that counter-partisans pose harm to disadvantaged groups, particularly racial/ethnic minorities, has become an asymmetric contributor to partisan dislike among Democrats. We found support for our theory across both measurement-of-mediation and experimental-mediation approaches and in both field experimental and survey data. Overall, this work advances research on ideology and outgroup hostility and extends the worldview conflict perspective to better explain partisan dislike. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

摘要

近年来,随着政治两极分化加剧,党派厌恶(定义为个体在预期与另一党派支持者建立密切社会关系时所表现出的消极态度)受到了越来越多的关注。虽然社会和政治心理学的传统研究认为保守派比自由派表现出更大的外群体敌意,但世界观冲突观点表明,两个群体同样会对价值观不一致的外群体表达敌意。与这两种既定观点相悖的是,我们在2022年至2023年期间进行了五项预注册研究(以及补充材料中报告的另外两项研究)——两项社交媒体现场实验(N = 10,000)考察实际行为,五项基于调查的研究(N = 2,443)以各种方式操作化党派厌恶(例如,在社交媒体上屏蔽、对各种目标的好感度评分以及评估招聘适宜性)——结果显示,民主党人(即自由派)比共和党人(即保守派)更厌恶对方。我们通过扩展世界观冲突观点来解释这一现象,以说明在特定时间点两个冲突群体中特定价值观的道德化程度的不对称性。具体而言,我们提出理论认为,鉴于美国现代的近期社会趋势,认为对立党派成员对弱势群体,特别是种族/族裔少数群体造成伤害的道德化信念,已成为民主党人党派厌恶的一个不对称促成因素。我们在中介测量和实验中介方法中以及在现场实验和调查数据中都找到了对我们理论的支持。总体而言,这项工作推进了关于意识形态和外群体敌意的研究,并扩展了世界观冲突观点,以更好地解释党派厌恶。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2025美国心理学会,保留所有权利)

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