El-den B M, Raslan Walid
Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, 11152, Egypt.
Sci Rep. 2025 May 5;15(1):15687. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-98539-2.
This study introduces a reliable and reversible image steganography framework that integrates Radon Transform (RT) and Integer Lifting Wavelet Transform (ILWT) to enhance security, imperceptibility, and robustness. The RT obscures data locations through rotations, scaling, and translations, while ILWT ensures full reversibility by maintaining integer wavelet coefficients, guaranteeing no data loss during reconstruction. Data embedding is performed in the middle bit planes of high-frequency sub-bands (LH, HL, HH) using Arithmetic Coding, optimizing space utilization while preserving visual quality. Experimental results demonstrate the method's superior performance, achieving Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) values exceeding 46 dB, a 15% improvement over existing techniques, ensuring the hidden data remains imperceptible to the human eye. The system exhibits exceptional robustness, with a Bit Error Rate (BER) as low as 0.0017 under scaling distortions, representing a 30% reduction compared to state-of-the-art methods. Additionally, the framework achieves a 25% increase in embedding capacity, enabling higher data payloads without compromising image quality. High Normalized Correlation Coefficient (NCC) values close to 1 further confirm the algorithm's reversibility and integrity, even under common attacks such as Gaussian Noise, Poisson Noise, Blurring, and Cropping. Compared to existing techniques, the proposed framework demonstrates significant improvements in embedding capacity, robustness, and visual fidelity. This method holds great promise for secure data hiding in applications such as secure communication, medical imaging, and digital watermarking, where data integrity and confidentiality are critical.
本研究介绍了一种可靠且可逆的图像隐写框架，该框架集成了拉东变换（RT）和整数提升小波变换（ILWT），以增强安全性、不可感知性和鲁棒性。拉东变换通过旋转、缩放和平移来模糊数据位置，而整数提升小波变换通过保持整数小波系数确保完全可逆性，保证在重建过程中无数据丢失。使用算术编码在高频子带（LH、HL、HH）的中间位平面进行数据嵌入，在保持视觉质量的同时优化空间利用率。实验结果表明该方法具有卓越的性能，峰值信噪比（PSNR）值超过46 dB，比现有技术提高了15%，确保隐藏数据对人眼不可察觉。该系统具有出色的鲁棒性，在缩放失真下误码率（BER）低至0.0017，与最先进的方法相比降低了30%。此外，该框架的嵌入容量增加了25%，能够在不影响图像质量的情况下承载更高的数据量。即使在高斯噪声、泊松噪声、模糊和裁剪等常见攻击下，高归一化相关系数（NCC）值接近1进一步证实了算法的可逆性和完整性。与现有技术相比，所提出的框架在嵌入容量、鲁棒性和视觉保真度方面有显著改进。这种方法在安全通信、医学成像和数字水印等数据完整性和保密性至关重要的应用中，对于安全数据隐藏具有很大的前景。
