de Lima Alves Paresque Larissa, de Bem Lignani Juliana, Arantes Rui, Welch James R, Coimbra Carlos E A, Ferreira Aline Alves
Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Am J Hum Biol. 2025 May;37(5):e70049. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.70049.
The objective was to evaluate the factors associated with anemia in Xavante children from the Pimentel Barbosa Indigenous Territory (IT) in Central Brazil through path analysis.
A survey was conducted with children between 6 months and 5 years in the Pimentel Barbosa Indigenous Reserve in 2011. Hemoglobin levels, anthropometric measurements, and socioeconomic/demographic data were collected, and cut-off points were recommended by the World Health Organization in 2024. A theoretical model was adapted from previous literature, and direct and indirect associations were evaluated on a theoretical-scientific basis through path analysis. A significance level of 5% was considered.
Approximately 61.1% of the Indigenous children evaluated had anemia (33.7% < 5 years old had moderate/severe anemia and 78.1% < 2 years old had anemia). The final model presented an acceptable fit. Significant and direct relationships were observed between children's age (β = 0.460), the number of residents in the household (β = -0.143), the village group (β = -0.346) and hemoglobin levels.
According to their hemoglobin levels, anemia was more prevalent in children under 2 years of age, as well as in children living in the most populous households and the newest village groups, than in the other groups. These findings point to the existence of socioeconomic, demographic, historical, and biological determinants of the prevalence of anemia. In addition, this study showed that Indigenous peoples in Brazil experience health inequities.
通过路径分析评估巴西中部皮门特尔·巴博萨印第安领地（IT）的哈万特儿童贫血相关因素。
2011年对皮门特尔·巴博萨印第安保护区6个月至5岁的儿童进行了一项调查。收集了血红蛋白水平、人体测量数据以及社会经济/人口统计数据，世界卫生组织在2024年推荐了临界值。从先前的文献中改编了一个理论模型，并通过路径分析在理论科学基础上评估直接和间接关联。考虑显著性水平为5%。
约61.1%接受评估的印第安儿童患有贫血（33.7%＜5岁儿童患有中度/重度贫血，78.1%＜2岁儿童患有贫血）。最终模型呈现出可接受的拟合度。观察到儿童年龄（β = 0.460）、家庭居住人数（β = -0.143）、村庄组别（β = -0.346）与血红蛋白水平之间存在显著的直接关系。
根据血红蛋白水平，2岁以下儿童、居住在人口最多家庭的儿童以及最新村庄组别的儿童比其他组别的儿童贫血更为普遍。这些发现表明存在贫血患病率的社会经济、人口、历史和生物学决定因素。此外，本研究表明巴西的印第安人存在健康不平等现象。
