Zilio Eleonora, Schlegel Tim, Zaninello Marta, Rugarli Elena I
Institute for Genetics University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany.
Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne 50931, Germany.
J Cell Sci. 2025 May 1;138(9). doi: 10.1242/jcs.263753. Epub 2025 May 6.
Mitochondria are dynamic and heterogeneous organelles that rewire their network and metabolic functions in response to changing cellular needs. To this end, mitochondria integrate a plethora of incoming signals to influence cell fate and survival. A crucial and highly regulated node of cell-mitochondria communication is the translation of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial mRNAs. By controlling and monitoring the spatio-temporal translation of these mRNAs, cells can rapidly adjust mitochondrial function to meet metabolic demands, optimise ATP production and regulate organelle biogenesis and turnover. In this Review, we focus on how RNA-binding proteins that recognise nuclear-encoded mitochondrial mRNAs acutely modulate the rate of translation in response to nutrient availability. We further discuss the relevance of localised translation of these mRNAs for subsets of mitochondria in polarised cells. Finally, we highlight quality control mechanisms that monitor the translation process at the mitochondrial surface and their connections to mitophagy and stress responses. We propose that these processes collectively contribute to mitochondrial specialisation and signalling function.
线粒体是动态且异质性的细胞器，它们会根据不断变化的细胞需求重新构建其网络和代谢功能。为此，线粒体整合大量传入信号以影响细胞命运和存活。细胞与线粒体通讯的一个关键且高度受调控的节点是核编码线粒体mRNA的翻译。通过控制和监测这些mRNA的时空翻译，细胞可以快速调整线粒体功能以满足代谢需求、优化ATP生成并调节细胞器的生物发生和周转。在本综述中，我们重点关注识别核编码线粒体mRNA的RNA结合蛋白如何响应营养物质可用性而急性调节翻译速率。我们还讨论了这些mRNA在极化细胞中线粒体亚群的局部翻译的相关性。最后，我们强调了监测线粒体表面翻译过程的质量控制机制及其与线粒体自噬和应激反应的联系。我们提出这些过程共同促成线粒体的特化和信号功能。
