MicroRNAs modulation by curcumin, catalpol, and other natural products in Alzheimer's disease: a review.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with limited pharmacological treatment options, necessitating the exploration of alternative therapeutic strategies. Emerging evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs), such as miR-132, miR-34a, and miR-124, play crucial roles in AD pathogenesis, influencing amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation, tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Natural products have been identified as potential modulators of miRNA expression, offering neuroprotective benefits through multi-target mechanisms. This review systematically examines the impact of curcumin, catalpol, Allium jesdianum, Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA), and Tiaoxin Recipe (TXR) on miRNA regulation in AD, summarizing their molecular targets and therapeutic potential. Furthermore, we discuss challenges related to bioavailability and clinical translation, highlighting the need for advanced delivery systems and personalized medicine approaches. By integrating recent findings, this review provides a comprehensive perspective on the role of miRNA modulation in AD therapy and underscores the potential of natural products as novel therapeutic agents.