Hoffmeister F
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1977 Mar;200(3):516-22.
Possible negative reinforcing effects of perphenazine, haloperidol and amitryptiline were studied in rhesus monkeys previously trained to avoid electric shock by responding. Responding extinguished a light associated with an intravenous drug infusion scheduled to occur 30 seconds after the light was switched on. A response occurring when the light was on switched the light off for a period of 1 minute (time-out period). a response during the infusion terminated the infusion. Under these conditions, the monkeys tolerated a large number of saline infusions. Saline was replaced by different doses of perphenazine, haloperidol and amitryptiline, each for 12 successive daily 2-hour sessions. Infusions of perphenazine (0.50-1.6 microng/kg) and to a lesser extent infusions of haloperidol (2.5 microng/kg) generated and maintained responding. Most of the infusions of amitryptiline in the dose range of 1.0 to 10.0 microng/kg were tolerated. Haloperidol and perphenazine in doses higher than 10.0 micmitryptiline (500-3000 microng/kg i.v.) had no influence on shock avoidance behavior. Positive reinforcing effects of these compounds were studied in a group of monkeys trained to respond under a 10 response fixed ratio of intravenous infusions of codeine. None of the three compounds maintained responding previously engendered by codeine.
对曾经通过做出反应接受训练以避免电击的恒河猴，研究了奋乃静、氟哌啶醇和阿米替林可能的负性强化作用。做出反应可熄灭与静脉注射药物输注相关的灯光，该输注预定在灯光开启30秒后进行。灯光开启时做出的反应会使灯光熄灭1分钟（超时时段）。输注期间的反应会终止输注。在这些条件下，猴子耐受大量的生理盐水输注。生理盐水被不同剂量的奋乃静、氟哌啶醇和阿米替林替代，每种药物连续12天每天进行2小时的输注。奋乃静输注（0.50 - 1.6微克/千克）以及程度稍轻的氟哌啶醇输注（2.5微克/千克）引发并维持了反应。剂量范围为1.0至10.0微克/千克的大多数阿米替林输注都被耐受。高于10.0微克/千克的氟哌啶醇和奋乃静以及阿米替林（静脉注射500 - 3000微克/千克）对避免电击行为没有影响。在一组接受训练以按静脉注射可待因的10次反应固定比率做出反应的猴子中，研究了这些化合物的正性强化作用。这三种化合物均未维持可待因先前引发的反应。
