Saqr Badr, Alqassar Bani Almarjeh Rama, Atassi Yomen
Department of Applied Physics, Higher Institute for Applied Sciences and Technology, Damascus, Syria.
Sci Rep. 2025 May 6;15(1):15795. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-00569-3.
Anti-hemorrhage nanomaterials are emerging as a promising alternative to traditional materials such as cotton and medical gauze, which often exhibit limited hemostatic properties and excessive adhesion to wound surfaces. This study presents the development of hemostatic nanofiber mats fabricated from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) via electrospinning. The incorporation into these mats of cost-effective and eco-friendly hemostatic agents, specifically exfoliated bentonite and calcium chloride, is investigated. Structural characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals significant alterations in the bentonite structure, supported by the disappearance of the (001) crystal plane peak following exfoliation. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirms the successful integration of bentonite and calcium chloride into the fiber matrix. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) illustrates a uniform morphology of continuous, randomly distributed fibers free of beads, with bentonite evenly dispersed throughout the mat. The addition of calcium chloride reduces fiber diameter without causing noticeable agglomeration. Water contact angle measurements indicate enhanced adhesion properties of the mats, with reduced hydrophobicity attributed to the water affinity of the incorporated additives. In vitro tests demonstrate that all electrospun mats exhibit superior hemostatic activity, with the most effective formulation -PAN loaded with exfoliated bentonite and calcium chloride-achieving a low blood coagulation index of 44.9% and significantly shortening blood-clotting time from 285 s in control samples to just 105 s. These findings highlight that the developed nanofiber mats outperform traditional hemostatic products in terms of eco-friendliness, blood coagulation efficiency, and clotting time, highlighting their potential for enhanced clinical applications in hemorrhage control at a reduced cost.
抗出血纳米材料正成为一种有前途的替代传统材料（如棉花和医用纱布）的材料，传统材料往往止血性能有限，且对伤口表面的粘附力过大。本研究介绍了通过静电纺丝由聚丙烯腈（PAN）制备止血纳米纤维垫的过程。研究了将具有成本效益且环保的止血剂，特别是剥离膨润土和氯化钙，加入到这些垫子中的情况。使用X射线衍射（XRD）进行的结构表征揭示了膨润土结构的显著变化，剥离后（001）晶面峰的消失证明了这一点。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）证实了膨润土和氯化钙成功地整合到纤维基质中。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）显示出连续、随机分布且无珠粒的均匀纤维形态，膨润土均匀地分散在整个垫子中。氯化钙的加入减小了纤维直径，且未引起明显的团聚。水接触角测量表明垫子的粘附性能增强，由于所加入添加剂的亲水性，疏水性降低。体外试验表明，所有静电纺丝垫都表现出优异的止血活性，最有效的配方——负载有剥离膨润土和氯化钙的PAN——实现了44.9%的低凝血指数，并将凝血时间从对照样品中的285秒显著缩短至仅105秒。这些发现突出表明，所开发的纳米纤维垫在生态友好性、凝血效率和凝血时间方面优于传统止血产品，凸显了它们在以降低成本增强出血控制临床应用方面的潜力。
