Maimaitituersun Gulinigaer, Jureti Subinuer, Yi Ziyu, Zhou Yaqi, Li Meng, Wei Mengwei, Liu Ziyang, Jin Menglong, Fu Zhenyan
The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
Xinjiang Medical University, Wulumuqi, China.
PeerJ. 2025 May 2;13:e19344. doi: 10.7717/peerj.19344. eCollection 2025.
To analyze the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of dyslipidemia among adults of different genders in Xinjiang, China, providing a basis for promoting ideal lipid management among the Uyghur population.
In this retrospective study, we included 7,646 Uyghur adults from the 2021 physical examination data in Hotan, Xinjiang, and followed up with all participants in 2023 for analysis. Participants completed lifestyle and medical history questionnaires and underwent lipid profiling. Dyslipidemia was defined according to the 2023 Chinese guidelines for lipid management. Group differences were analyzed using -tests, ANOVA, and chi-square tests, the trend test for ordered categorical variables was conducted using univariate linear regression, and multivariable logistic regression was performed to explore risk factors for dyslipidemia.
In 2023, the average levels of waist circumference, fasting glucose, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL-C among Uyghur men and women, as well as the prevalence of diabetes, increased compared to 2021, with significant statistical differences within the same gender groups ( < 0.001). The primary types of dyslipidemia among Uyghur adults were low HDL-C. After age and gender standardization, the overall standardized prevalence of high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-C showed a downward trend, with a more pronounced decrease among men. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and high non-HDL-C increased from 2021, with a greater increase among women. In 2023, the standardized prevalence rates of hypercholesterolemia, high LDL-C, low HDL-C, hypertriglyceridemia, and high non-HDL-C were higher in women than in men. Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for multiple factors indicated that higher educational attainment (OR 1.992; 95% CI [1.042-3.808]; = 0.037), overweight (OR 1.303; 95% CI [1.085-1.566]; = 0.005), obesity (OR 1.520; 95% CI [1.226-1.886]; = 0.000), and central obesity (OR 1.013; 95% CI [1.006-1.021]; = 0.001) were associated with dyslipidemia in Uyghur men, while in Uyghur women, dyslipidemia prevalence was mainly related to obesity (OR 1.549; 95% CI [1.261-1.902]; = 0.000) and central obesity (OR 1.009; 95% CI [1.002-1.016]; = 0.01).
The primary forms of dyslipidemia among Uyghur adults include low HDL-C levels. The prevalence of high LDL-C, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-C is showing a declining trend, particularly among men. In contrast, the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and high non-HDL-C is increasing more significantly among women. In men, risk factors for dyslipidemia include higher educational attainment, being overweight, obesity, and central obesity. In women, the prevalence of dyslipidemia is mainly associated with obesity and central obesity.
分析中国新疆不同性别成年人血脂异常的患病率及流行病学特征，为促进维吾尔族人群理想的血脂管理提供依据。
在这项回顾性研究中，我们纳入了来自新疆和田2021年体检数据中的7646名维吾尔族成年人，并于2023年对所有参与者进行随访分析。参与者完成了生活方式和病史问卷，并接受了血脂检测。血脂异常根据2023年中国血脂管理指南进行定义。采用t检验、方差分析和卡方检验分析组间差异，使用单变量线性回归对有序分类变量进行趋势检验，并进行多变量逻辑回归以探索血脂异常的危险因素。
2023年，维吾尔族男性和女性的腰围、空腹血糖、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和非HDL-C的平均水平以及糖尿病患病率与2021年相比有所增加，同性别组内存在显著统计学差异（P<0.001）。维吾尔族成年人血脂异常的主要类型为HDL-C降低。经过年龄和性别标准化后，高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高甘油三酯血症和低HDL-C的总体标准化患病率呈下降趋势，男性下降更为明显。高胆固醇血症和高非HDL-C的患病率自2021年起上升，女性上升幅度更大。2023年，女性高胆固醇血症、高LDL-C、低HDL-C、高甘油三酯血症和高非HDL-C的标准化患病率高于男性。多因素调整后的多变量逻辑回归表明，较高的教育程度（OR 1.992；95%CI[1.042 - 3.808]；P = 0.037）、超重（OR 1.303；95%CI[1.085 - 1.566]；P = 0.005）、肥胖（OR 1.520；95%CI[1.226 - 1.886]；P = 0.000）和中心性肥胖（OR 1.013；95%CI[1.006 - 1.021]；P = 0.001）与维吾尔族男性血脂异常相关，而在维吾尔族女性中，血脂异常患病率主要与肥胖（OR 1.549；95%CI[1.261 - 1.902]；P = 0.000）和中心性肥胖（OR 1.009；95%CI[1.002 - 1.016]；P = 0.01）有关。
维吾尔族成年人血脂异常的主要形式包括HDL-C水平降低。高LDL-C、高甘油三酯血症和低HDL-C的患病率呈下降趋势，尤其是男性。相比之下，高胆固醇血症和高非HDL-C的患病率在女性中上升更为显著。在男性中，血脂异常的危险因素包括较高的教育程度、超重、肥胖和中心性肥胖。在女性中，血脂异常患病率主要与肥胖和中心性肥胖有关。
