Optimal Reference Genes for Gene Expression Analysis of Overmating Stress-Induced Aging and Natural Aging in Male .

Functional gene expression is closely linked to an organism's physiology and can be quantified using Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). However, the stability of reference gene expression is not absolute, which may impact the accuracy of RT-qPCR results. In this study, we evaluated the suitability of nine genes including receptor for activated protein kinase c1 (), ribosomal protein L6 (), ribosomal protein L9 (), ribosomal protein S2 (), ribosomal protein S18 (), ribosomal protein lateral stalk subunit P0 (), eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1β (), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4a (), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5a () analyzed from RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data in addition to three genes including eukaryotic elongation factor 1α (), β-actin (), and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase () selected from the literature to obtain the best internal controls in the RT-qPCR analysis of under overmating stress and natural aging. RefFinder was used to comprehensively evaluate the stability of the candidate reference genes. The initial results showed that three genes (, , and ) from the RNA-Seq data had relatively stable expression levels, which were more stable than those of the three commonly used reference genes. and were the best combination for the RT-qPCR analysis of under overmating stress and aging. Further analysis indicated that might be the best reference gene for the study of