Vergori Alessandra, Matusali Giulia, Cimini Eleonora, Cozzi Lepri Alessandro, Mazzotta Valentina, Mariotti Davide, Colavita Francesca, Gili Simona, Cristofanelli Flavia, Fusto Marisa, Gagliardini Roberta, Paulicelli Jessica, Cecilia Federico, Girardi Enrico, Maggi Fabrizio, Antinori Andrea
Viral Immunodeficiency Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy.
Virology Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Apr 9;26(8):3521. doi: 10.3390/ijms26083521.
The new Nuvaxovid protein-based and Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA-based vaccines targeting Omicron XBB.1.5 were available during the 2023-2024 autumn/winter vaccination campaign for frail individuals, including people with HIV (PWH). We assessed the immune response in 51 PWH on stable ART who received a booster with either the Nuvaxovid protein-based ( = 25) or Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA-based XBB.1.5 vaccine ( = 26). The median age was 57 years (IQR 51-65), the median count of CD4 at T0 was 652/mmc (503-935), and CD4 nadir was 226/mmc (95-340). Samples were collected before (T0) and one month after (T1) the booster. We measured neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) titers against D614G, XBB.1.6, and JN.1 variants and T-cell IFN-γ levels produced upon specific stimulation. Regardless of the vaccine used, we observed a marked increase in nAbs titers from T0 to T1 against all the subvariants, but no evidence for a change in IFN-γ release. After controlling for confounders, there was no evidence for a difference in the T0-T1 change in nAbs titers against XBB.1.16 and JN.1 by the type of vaccine, while Nuvaxovid determined a smaller increase in D614G nAbs ( = 0.008). The XBB.1.5 protein-based vaccine's immunogenicity as a fifth or later booster was comparable to the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine, particularly against recent Omicron variants.
新型基于蛋白质的诺瓦克斯奥密克戎疫苗（Nuvaxovid）和基于辉瑞 - 生物科技公司信使核糖核酸（mRNA）的针对奥密克戎XBB.1.5的疫苗，在2023 - 2024年秋冬针对包括艾滋病毒感染者（PWH）在内的体弱人群的疫苗接种活动中可用。我们评估了51名接受稳定抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）的艾滋病毒感染者的免疫反应，这些感染者接受了基于蛋白质的诺瓦克斯奥密克戎疫苗（n = 25）或基于辉瑞 - 生物科技公司mRNA的XBB.1.5疫苗（n = 26）的加强针接种。中位年龄为57岁（四分位间距51 - 65），T0时CD4细胞计数中位数为652/mm³（503 - 935），CD4细胞最低点计数为226/mm³（95 - 340）。在加强针接种前（T0）和接种后一个月（T1）采集样本。我们测量了针对D614G、XBB.1.6和JN.1变体的中和抗体（nAbs）滴度以及特异性刺激后产生的T细胞干扰素 - γ水平。无论使用哪种疫苗，我们都观察到从T0到T1针对所有亚变体的nAbs滴度显著增加，但没有证据表明干扰素 - γ释放有变化。在控制混杂因素后，没有证据表明不同类型疫苗在针对XBB.1.16和JN.1的nAbs滴度从T0到T1的变化上存在差异，而诺瓦克斯奥密克戎疫苗在D614G nAbs方面的增加较小（P = 0.008）。基于XBB.1.5蛋白质的疫苗作为第五剂或后续加强针的免疫原性与辉瑞 - 生物科技公司的mRNA疫苗相当，特别是针对最近的奥密克戎变体。
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