Lorig K, Kraines R G, Brown B W, Richardson N
Med Care. 1985 Sep;23(9):1044-54. doi: 10.1097/00005650-198509000-00003.
A workplace health education program aimed at reducing unnecessary outpatient visits was offered through 22 California employers. A total of 5,200 employees attended a presentation, received self-help books, and completed self-administered questionnaires. All visits for their households were monitored for up to 15 months. The study utilized a quasi-experimental staggered intervention design involving eight different cohorts, before/after comparisons, with statistical adjustment for seasonality and other intervening variables. Visit rates for households insured only by Blue Cross of California were reduced by 17% (P = 0.001), or 2.0 visits per household per year. For all participants, the reduction was 7.2% (P = 0.06), or 0.8 visits. Reductions were seen for all age and educational strata. The program was most effective among households with first dollar fee-for-service insurance coverage. Households with insurance requiring co-payments had less reduction. No reduction was seen among health maintenance organization (HMO) members. The study concludes that a minimal cost, self-care workplace intervention can reduce outpatient visits by important magnitudes.
通过加利福尼亚州的22家雇主开展了一项旨在减少不必要门诊就诊的职场健康教育项目。共有5200名员工参加了一场讲座,领取了自助书籍,并完成了自行填写的问卷。对他们家庭的所有就诊情况进行了长达15个月的监测。该研究采用了一种准实验性的交错干预设计,涉及八个不同的队列,进行前后比较,并对季节性和其他干预变量进行统计调整。仅由加利福尼亚蓝十字保险公司承保的家庭的就诊率降低了17%(P = 0.001),即每户每年减少2.0次就诊。对于所有参与者来说,就诊率降低了7.2%(P = 0.06),即减少了0.8次就诊。所有年龄和教育层次的就诊率都有所降低。该项目在具有首美元服务收费保险覆盖的家庭中最为有效。需要自付费用的保险家庭的就诊率降低幅度较小。健康维护组织(HMO)成员的就诊率没有降低。该研究得出结论,一项低成本的、自我护理的职场干预措施可以大幅减少门诊就诊次数。