Liakos Vasileios, Koutsogeorgiou Eleni I, Charouli Sofia, Navrozidis Ioannis E, Proias Georgios, Andreadis Stefanos S
Laboratory of Precision Agriculture, Department of Agrotechnology, University of Thessaly, Gaiopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece.
Laboratory of Applied Zoology and Parasitology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Insects. 2025 Mar 22;16(4):336. doi: 10.3390/insects16040336.
Precision Agriculture is an agricultural management strategy that aims to increase farmers' profit, maximize crop productivity and sustainability, and protect the environment by applying inputs in optimum rates based on plant needs. The delineation of site-specific management zones is a crucial step at the application of Precision Agriculture. However, the procedure of delineating management zones for pest management is difficult since pest populations are dynamic and change spatially and temporally throughout a growing season. The objectives of this work is to study kiwi canopy characteristics, to correlate them with (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) populations and delineate management zones for pesticide applications in variable rates. To achieve this, four kiwi orchards in total were selected in the regions of Pieria and Imathia in Greece. Τen traps were installed from early May to late October within each selected kiwi orchard: two types of traps at every side of the orchards and the center. The installed traps were examined weekly, and the number of the captured was recorded. During the same days, sentinel satellite images were analyzed to calculate the indices: NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index). The collected data were combined in a GIS software to delineate management zones using a K means algorithm and unsupervised classification. The results of this three-year study showed population variability within the kiwi orchards since the population of was higher in field regions where NDVI and NDWI values were high. The delineation of management zones revealed that there are spatio-temporal stable zones in each field where there is high, medium, and low risk to develop populations. The benefits of the proposed strategy are multiple since it is expected that farmers will be able to reduce the production expenses of kiwifruits and environmental protection while increasing profit.
精准农业是一种农业管理策略，旨在通过根据作物需求以最佳比率投入资源，增加农民利润、使作物生产力和可持续性最大化，并保护环境。划定特定地点的管理区域是精准农业应用中的关键步骤。然而，由于害虫种群在整个生长季节具有动态性且在空间和时间上都会发生变化，因此划定害虫管理的管理区域的过程很困难。这项工作的目标是研究猕猴桃树冠特征，将其与（半翅目：蝽科）种群相关联，并划定可变比率农药施用的管理区域。为实现这一目标，在希腊的皮埃里亚和伊马夏地区总共选择了四个猕猴桃果园。从五月初到十月下旬，在每个选定的猕猴桃果园内安装了十个诱捕器：果园的每一侧和中心各安装两种类型的诱捕器。每周检查安装的诱捕器，并记录捕获的数量。在同一时期，分析哨兵卫星图像以计算指数：归一化植被指数（NDVI）和归一化水指数（NDWI）。将收集到的数据在地理信息系统（GIS）软件中进行整合，使用K均值算法和无监督分类来划定管理区域。这项为期三年的研究结果表明，猕猴桃果园内存在种群变异性，因为在归一化植被指数和归一化水指数值较高的田间区域，的种群数量较多。管理区域的划定显示，每个田地中都存在时空稳定区域，在这些区域发展种群的风险有高、中、低之分。所提出策略的益处是多方面的，因为预计农民将能够在增加利润的同时降低猕猴桃的生产成本并保护环境。
