Khasawneh Ashraf I, Himsawi Nisreen M, Abu-Raideh Jumana A, Sammour Ashraf, Safieh Hazem Abu, Al Qudah Mohammad, Obeidat Ali, Alotaibi Moureq R, Al-Momani Hafez, Khasawneh Rame, Al Shboul Sofian, Saleh Tareq
Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan.
Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan.
Pathogens. 2025 Apr 8;14(4):365. doi: 10.3390/pathogens14040365.
Influenza remains a global health challenge, causing significant morbidity and mortality. This study explores the epidemiology of influenza A (IAV) and B (IBV) during the 2021-2023 winter seasons within a targeted Jordanian subpopulation to inform public health strategies.
Nasopharyngeal swabs from patients with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in three major Jordanian cities were analyzed. RT-PCR was utilized to detect common respiratory pathogens, and specific primers identified IAV (H1N1) pdm09, H3N2, and IBV subtypes. Statistical analyses examined influenza subtype frequencies and their association with demographics and coinfection patterns.
IAV, IBV, and ICV were detected in 9.4%, 13.5%, and 5.5% of cases, respectively. Predominant strains were IAV (H1N1) pdm09 (55.8%), H3N2 (30.2%), and IBV Victoria lineage (98.4%). Coinfections with IAV frequently involved spp., , and IBV, while IBV also showed coinfections with type B and IAV.
The predominance of IAV (H1N1) pdm09 and IBV Victoria lineage highlights the need for strain-specific vaccination. Frequent coinfections underscore the importance of comprehensive diagnostics. Local public health strategies should focus on increasing vaccine coverage and preventive education, especially for adults and urban populations.
流感仍然是一项全球性的健康挑战，会导致严重的发病和死亡。本研究探讨了2021 - 2023年冬季约旦特定亚人群中甲型流感病毒（IAV）和乙型流感病毒（IBV）的流行病学情况，以为公共卫生策略提供信息。
对约旦三个主要城市的急性呼吸道感染（ARTI）患者的鼻咽拭子进行分析。利用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测常见呼吸道病原体，并用特异性引物鉴定IAV（H1N1）pdm09、H3N2和IBV亚型。统计分析研究了流感亚型频率及其与人口统计学和合并感染模式的关联。
分别在9.4%、13.5%和5.5%的病例中检测到IAV、IBV和ICV。主要毒株为IAV（H1N1）pdm09（55.8%）、H3N2（30.2%）和IBV维多利亚系（98.4%）。IAV合并感染常涉及 spp.、 和IBV，而IBV也显示与B型和IAV合并感染。
IAV（H1N1）pdm09和IBV维多利亚系占主导地位凸显了针对特定毒株进行疫苗接种的必要性。频繁的合并感染强调了全面诊断的重要性。当地公共卫生策略应侧重于提高疫苗接种覆盖率和开展预防教育，尤其是针对成年人和城市人群。
