Wang Zhaozhi, Xin Zhiheng, Jiao Zhibin, Wu Chenliang, Bai Xu
School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Apr 11;18(8):1750. doi: 10.3390/ma18081750.
The current deformation scheme used in the 4D printing of ceramics has several disadvantages, such as a poor deformation capacity, high process complexity, and the poor mechanical properties of the product. In order to solve these problems, the deformation scheme introduced in this study utilizes the pyrolytic expansion of polyurethane and the resulting pores to hinder the contraction of the specimen during the ceramization stage. Then, the specimen is composited with a polyurethane-free portion that has a high rate of shrinkage, and deformation is initiated through the interlayer stress mismatch generated by the difference in the shrinkage of the different layers, thus enabling the preparation of complex structural ceramics. This solution is simple and efficient; heat treatment is performed in a single pass, and the precursor specimen is highly deformable. The incorporation capacity of the aluminum oxide ceramic powder was increased by replacing part of the Dow Corning SE 1700 polydimethylsiloxane silicone rubber in the raw material with Dow Corning DC 184 polydimethylsiloxane silicone rubber, which, in turn, improved the mechanical properties of the obtained ceramics by enhancing the solid-phase content of the ceramic powder. Due to the introduction of polyurethane, the ceramic has a secondary pore structure, which has the potential for application in the field of engineering materials and heat insulation materials.
目前用于陶瓷4D打印的变形方案存在几个缺点，如变形能力差、工艺复杂度高以及产品机械性能差。为了解决这些问题，本研究引入的变形方案利用聚氨酯的热解膨胀和由此产生的孔隙来阻碍试样在陶瓷化阶段的收缩。然后，将试样与收缩率高的无聚氨酯部分复合，并通过不同层收缩差异产生的层间应力失配引发变形，从而能够制备复杂结构陶瓷。该解决方案简单高效；只需进行一次热处理，且前驱体试样具有高度可变形性。通过用道康宁DC 184聚二甲基硅氧烷硅橡胶替代原料中的部分道康宁SE 1700聚二甲基硅氧烷硅橡胶，提高了氧化铝陶瓷粉末的掺入量，进而通过提高陶瓷粉末的固相含量改善了所得陶瓷的机械性能。由于聚氨酯的引入，陶瓷具有二次孔隙结构，在工程材料和隔热材料领域具有应用潜力。
