Karavetian Mirey, El Khoury Cosette Fakih, Rutters Femke, Slebe Romy, Lorenzetti Diane, Blondin Denis, Carpentier André, Després Jean-Pierre, Hoeks Joris, Kalsbeek Andries, de Mutsert Renée, Pigeyre Marie, Raina Parminder, Schrauwen Patrick, Serlie Mireille, Thieba Camilia, van der Velde Jeroen, Campbell David J T
Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology, and Toxicology-Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon.
PLoS One. 2025 May 7;20(5):e0321526. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0321526. eCollection 2025.
Exercising at a specific time of day has the potential to mitigate the negative effects of disrupted circadian rhythms caused by irregular work and sleep schedules on the development of chronic diseases. Afternoon/evening exercise is postulated to be superior to morning exercise for various health outcomes, but patient acceptance of timed exercise remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the impact of exercise timing on patient-reported outcomes (PROMs).
We conducted a systematic review, following Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD42022322646). We systematically searched databases including MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Embase, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Web of Science, to identify studies which reported on PROMs related to timed exercise interventions: either acutely after a bout of exercise or following extended training (>1 month). Studies were included if they reported primary data from randomized or non-randomized experiments of timed exercise interventions (against any comparator), published in English until August 2023 and reporting on any PROM. Machine-learning software (AR Reviews) was used to aid in abstract screening. Subsequently, two independent reviewers reviewed the included full texts, extracted study details (participants, interventions, outcomes), and evaluated the risk of bias using Cochrane tools (ROB-2 and ROBINS-I). Exercise interventions were summarized using the TIDieR reporting method and results were presented in accordance with the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM) guidelines for systematic reviews.
Seventeen studies with 403 participants were included in the review. The interventions varied widely in exercise modality, duration, and participant characteristics, contributing to substantial heterogeneity in the findings. Most studies found no significant impact of exercise timing on PROMs. There was some inconsistency between studies for certain outcomes.
The review suggests that there are no clear detrimental effects of afternoon or evening exercise on PROMs compared to morning exercise. However, the lack of homogeneity in study populations and small sample sizes resulting in low power for PROM outcomes are major limitations of the research in this field. If future research confirms the metabolic advantages of afternoon/evening exercise, this may be an acceptable alternative for individuals.
在一天中的特定时间进行锻炼，有可能减轻因工作和睡眠时间表不规律导致的昼夜节律紊乱对慢性病发展产生的负面影响。对于各种健康结果，推测下午/晚上锻炼优于早晨锻炼，但患者对定时锻炼的接受程度尚不清楚。本系统评价的目的是评估锻炼时间对患者报告结局（PROMs）的影响。
我们按照Cochrane和PRISMA指南（PROSPERO：CRD42022322646）进行了一项系统评价。我们系统地检索了包括MEDLINE、SCOPUS、Embase、APA PsycInfo、CINAHL和Web of Science在内的数据库，以识别报告与定时锻炼干预相关的PROMs的研究：锻炼一次后即刻或长期训练（>1个月）之后。如果研究报告了定时锻炼干预（与任何对照相比）的随机或非随机实验的原始数据，以英文发表至2023年8月且报告了任何PROM，则纳入该研究。使用机器学习软件（AR Reviews）辅助摘要筛选。随后，两名独立评审员审查纳入的全文，提取研究细节（参与者、干预措施、结局），并使用Cochrane工具（ROB-2和ROBINS-I）评估偏倚风险。锻炼干预措施使用TIDieR报告方法进行总结，结果按照系统评价的非Meta分析综合（SWiM）指南呈现。
该评价纳入了17项研究，共403名参与者。干预措施在锻炼方式、持续时间和参与者特征方面差异很大，导致研究结果存在很大异质性。大多数研究发现锻炼时间对PROMs没有显著影响。某些结局的研究之间存在一些不一致。
该评价表明，与早晨锻炼相比，下午或晚上锻炼对PROMs没有明显的有害影响。然而，研究人群缺乏同质性以及样本量小导致PROM结局的检验效能低是该领域研究的主要局限性。如果未来的研究证实下午/晚上锻炼的代谢优势，这可能是个体可以接受的替代选择。
