Discipline of Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Australia; The Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Health Futures Institute, Australia.
Department of Nutrition & Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, USA.
Appetite. 2021 Dec 1;167:105600. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105600. Epub 2021 Jul 17.
To determine the effect of diurnal exercise timing on appetite, energy intake and body composition in individuals with overweight or obesity.
Forty sedentary, individuals with overweight or obesity (17 males, 23 females; age: 51 ± 13 years; BMI: 30.9 ± 4.2 kg/m) were randomly allocated to complete a 12-week supervised multi-modal exercise training program performed either in the morning (amEX) or evening (pmEX). Outcome measures included appetite in response to a standardised test meal, daily energy intake (EI), body weight and body composition. Measures of dietary behaviour were assessed at baseline and post-intervention, along with habitual physical activity, sleep quality and sleep quantity. Significance was set at p ≤ .05 and Hedge's g effect sizes were calculated.
Regardless of timing, exercise training increased perceived fullness (AUC; g = 0.82-1.67; both p < .01), decreased daily EI (g = 0.73-0.93; both p < .01) and body-fat (g = 0.29-0.32; both p <. 01). The timing of exercise did not change the daily EI or body-fat response to training (all p ≥ .27), however, perceived fullness increased in the amEX group (p ≤ .01). DISINHIBITION: (g = 0.35-1.95; p ≤ .01) and Hunger (g = 0.05-0.4; p = .02) behaviours decreased following exercise training, with Disinhibition demonstrating greater improvements in the pmEX group (p = .01). Objective and subjective sleep quantity increased with training (all p ≤ .01), but sleep quality was not reported to change.
Multi-modal exercise training improved body composition and some appetite outcomes, although changes were inconsistent and largely independent of exercise-timing. In the absence of dietary manipulation, the effect of diurnal exercise timing on appetite and body composition appear trivial compared to the overall benefits of exercise participation.
确定日间运动时间对超重或肥胖个体的食欲、能量摄入和身体成分的影响。
将 40 名久坐的超重或肥胖个体（17 名男性，23 名女性；年龄：51±13 岁；BMI：30.9±4.2kg/m）随机分配，完成 12 周的监督多模式运动训练计划，分别在早上（amEX）或晚上（pmEX）进行。结果测量包括对标准测试餐的食欲、每日能量摄入（EI）、体重和身体成分。在干预前后评估了饮食行为的测量，以及习惯性体力活动、睡眠质量和睡眠量。显著性设定为 p≤.05，并计算了 Hedge's g 效应大小。
无论时间如何，运动训练都增加了饱腹感（AUC；g=0.82-1.67；均 p<.01），减少了每日 EI（g=0.73-0.93；均 p<.01）和体脂肪（g=0.29-0.32；均 p<.01）。运动的时间并没有改变训练对每日 EI 或体脂肪的反应（所有 p≥.27），然而，amEX 组的饱腹感增加（p≤.01）。DISINHIBITION：（g=0.35-1.95；p≤.01）和饥饿感（g=0.05-0.4；p=.02）行为在运动训练后减少，抑制作用在 pmEX 组中显示出更大的改善（p=.01）。客观和主观的睡眠量随着训练增加（均 p≤.01），但睡眠质量没有报告发生变化。
多模式运动训练改善了身体成分和一些食欲结果，尽管变化不一致，而且在很大程度上独立于运动时间。在没有饮食干预的情况下，日间运动时间对食欲和身体成分的影响与运动参与的整体益处相比微不足道。
