AlOtaibi Haifa F, Al Taib Hanan N, AlMuhaidib Shadan, Alshagrawi Saud, Almufarrih Abdulmalik, Alalmai Ola, Alnaserallah Sahar, Alodah Najla, Alqahtani Saleh A, Alhazzani Waleed
From the Health Research Center (AlOtaibi, Alnaserallah, Alhazzani), Ministry of Defense Health Services, from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Taib, Alshagrawi, Alalmai, Alodah), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, from the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing (AlMuhaidib); from the Organ Transplant Center of Excellence (Alqahtani), Liver, Digestive, and Lifestyle Health Research Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, from the Medical Cities Program (Almufarrih), Ministry of Interior, from the College of Medicine (Alhazzani), King Saud University, Riyadh, from the Department of Critical Care and Internal Medicine (Alhazzani), College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and from the Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology (Alqahtani), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, the United States of America.
Saudi Med J. 2025 May;46(5):459-477. doi: 10.15537/smj.2025.46.5.20250126.
To identify and summarize studies carried out in Arab countries on anti-obesity medications (AOMs), with a focus on the types of medications investigated, study designs, and the efficacy/effectiveness and safety metrics reported.
We carried out a comprehensive scoping review of primary studies examining the use of AOMs in adult Arab populations. Five databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Index Medicus for the Eastern Mediterranean Region, and e-Marefa) were searched for English-language publications up to October 2024. Data extraction was carried out on study characteristics, participant demographics, interventions, and outcomes related to weight reduction, metabolic parameters, and side effects. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for non-randomized studies and a modified RoB tool for randomized controlled trials.
A total of 59 clinical studies published between 2014-2024 were included. The majority (89.8%) were observational in design. Most studies were carried out in Saudi Arabia (40.7%) and the United Arab Emirates (20.3%). Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists were investigated in 72.9% of the studies, with liraglutide being the most frequently studied agent (54.2%). The most commonly reported efficacy outcomes included changes in total body weight (45.8%), body mass index (39.0%), and the proportion of weight loss (28.8%). Gastrointestinal side effects were reported in 32.2% of patients across studies.
Despite the growing body of research on AOMs in Arab countries, most studies remain observational and focus primarily on earlier-generation agents. There is a need for randomized controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of newer AOMs, such as semaglutide and tirzepatide, within Arab populations to inform culturally and genetically tailored obesity management strategies.
识别并总结在阿拉伯国家开展的关于抗肥胖药物（AOMs）的研究，重点关注所研究的药物类型、研究设计以及报告的疗效/有效性和安全性指标。
我们对研究成年阿拉伯人群中AOMs使用情况的原始研究进行了全面的范围综述。检索了五个数据库（Medline、Embase、Cochrane图书馆、东地中海地区医学索引和电子马雷法），以查找截至2024年10月的英文出版物。对研究特征、参与者人口统计学、干预措施以及与体重减轻、代谢参数和副作用相关的结果进行了数据提取。使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估非随机研究的偏倚风险，并使用改良的随机对照试验偏倚风险工具评估随机对照试验的偏倚风险。
共纳入了2014年至2024年间发表的59项临床研究。大多数（89.8%）研究设计为观察性研究。大多数研究在沙特阿拉伯（40.7%）和阿拉伯联合酋长国（20.3%）进行。72.9%的研究调查了胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂，其中利拉鲁肽是研究最频繁的药物（54.2%）。最常报告的疗效结果包括总体重变化（45.8%）、体重指数（39.0%）和体重减轻比例（28.8%）。各研究中32.2%的患者报告有胃肠道副作用。
尽管阿拉伯国家关于AOMs的研究越来越多，但大多数研究仍为观察性研究，且主要集中在早期药物。需要进行随机对照试验，以评估新型AOMs（如司美格鲁肽和替尔泊肽）在阿拉伯人群中的疗效和安全性，为文化和基因定制的肥胖管理策略提供依据。
