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哈塔伊中心地区临时避难所地震幸存者的创伤后应激障碍:一项横断面研究。

Post-traumatic stress disorder in earthquake survivors living in temporary shelter areas in Hatay central districts: a cross-sectional study.

作者信息

Yilmaz Ertan, Erdem Mehmet

机构信息

Department of Psychiatry, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Tayfur Ata Sokmen Faculty of Medicine, Hatay, Turkey.

Department of Public Health, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Tayfur Ata Sokmen Faculty of Medicine, Hatay, Turkey.

出版信息

BMC Psychiatry. 2025 May 7;25(1):461. doi: 10.1186/s12888-025-06919-9.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes resulted in extensive destruction, significant loss of life, and widespread displacement, with Hatay province being the most severely affected region. Earthquake survivors residing in temporary shelters face an elevated risk of long-term psychological consequences, particularly post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. This study aims to assess the prevalence of PTSD and depression among earthquake survivors in temporary shelter areas within the central districts of Hatay and to identify associated risk factors contributing to PTSD.

METHODS

This cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted among 400 adult earthquake survivors following the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. Participants were selected using a multistage cluster sampling method. Data on participants' sociodemographic characteristics, earthquake experiences, and psychiatric history were collected through self-report questionnaires. PTSD was assessed using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), while depression was evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory.

RESULTS

PTSD was identified in 29.0% of participants, while depression was observed in 38.8%. Key risk factors for PTSD included unemployment (OR = 2.590, p = 0.004), the loss of a family member (OR = 2.351, p = 0.017), a pre-existing psychiatric diagnosis prior to the earthquakes (OR = 2.245, p = 0.007), alcohol use (OR = 2.310, p = 0.019), smoking (OR = 1.663, p = 0.044), and experiencing a high level of fear during the earthquakes (OR = 2.151, p = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONS

These findings highlight the critical need for large-scale psychosocial support and intervention programs in the post-disaster period. Identifying risk factors for PTSD may aid in the development of targeted treatment strategies and preventive interventions for affected individuals.

摘要

背景

2023年卡赫拉曼马拉什地震造成了广泛破坏、重大人员伤亡和大规模流离失所,哈塔伊省是受灾最严重的地区。居住在临时避难所的地震幸存者面临长期心理问题的风险增加,尤其是创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)和抑郁症。本研究旨在评估哈塔伊市中心区临时避难所地区地震幸存者中PTSD和抑郁症的患病率,并确定导致PTSD的相关风险因素。

方法

本横断面、基于人群的研究在2023年卡赫拉曼马拉什地震后的400名成年地震幸存者中进行。参与者采用多阶段整群抽样方法选取。通过自我报告问卷收集参与者的社会人口学特征、地震经历和精神病史数据。使用DSM-5创伤后应激障碍检查表(PCL-5)评估PTSD,使用贝克抑郁量表评估抑郁症。

结果

29.0%的参与者被确定患有PTSD,38.8%的参与者患有抑郁症。PTSD的关键风险因素包括失业(OR = 2.590,p = 0.004)、失去家庭成员(OR = 2.351,p = 0.017)、地震前已有的精神疾病诊断(OR = 2.245,p = 0.007)、饮酒(OR = 2.310,p = 0.019)吸烟(OR = 1.663,p = 0.044)以及在地震期间经历高度恐惧(OR = 2.151,p = 0.002)。

结论

这些发现凸显了灾后大规模社会心理支持和干预项目的迫切需求。确定PTSD的风险因素可能有助于为受影响个体制定有针对性的治疗策略和预防干预措施。

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