杂交黑麦青贮饲料的产量及其替代大麦青贮饲料对生长育肥牛采食量、生长性能和胴体品质的影响。
Yield of hybrid rye silage and its use as a replacement for barley silage on feed intake, growth performance, and carcass quality of growing and finishing steers.
作者信息
Zhang Fuquan, Brattain Rebecca S, Wehrle Herman, Baron Vern, Ribeiro Gabriel O, Penner Gregory B
机构信息
Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5A8, Canada.
KWS Cereals USA, LLC, Champaign, IL 61822, USA.
出版信息
Transl Anim Sci. 2025 Apr 14;9:txaf048. doi: 10.1093/tas/txaf048. eCollection 2025.
This study compared the yield of barley and hybrid rye when harvested for silage, and evaluated the effects of replacing barley silage (BARS) with hybrid rye silage (HRS) on dry matter intake (DMI), growth, and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers. The whole-plant hybrid rye (late milk) and barley (soft dough) were each harvested from 3 replicate 7.85-ha plots in 2022 and 2023 and ensiled (n = 3/treatment/yr). In each year, 192 steers were allocated to 1 of 16 pens in a completely randomized block design for growing (4 pens/treatment/yr) and finishing (5 or 6 pens/treatment/yr) phases. Treatments during the growing phase (84 d) included a control diet (GCON) that contained 60% BARS, and in the remaining treatments HRS replaced 33 (GLOW), 67 (GMED), or 100% (GHIGH) of the BARS (DM basis). Steers were then re-randomized and allocated to 1 of 16 pens for the finishing phase with diets that contained (DM basis) 10% BARS (FCON) or diets where HRS replaced 50% (FMED) or 100% (FHIGH) of the BARS. Steers were fed for 112 d. Forage DM yield did not differ between whole plant hybrid rye and barley (3.96 vs. 3.70 mT/ha). During the growing phase, increasing the HRS inclusion at the expense of BARS decreased DMI (quadratic, = 0.02), average daily gain (ADG; quadratic, < 0.01), and final BW (quadratic, = 0.02) with the magnitude of the response increasing with increasing HRS inclusion. In addition, the gain:feed (G:F) ratio linearly decreased (< 0.01) with increasing HRS inclusion. During finishing, DMI tended to linearly decrease (= 0.06), ADG decreased and then increased (quadratic, = 0.04) with the lowest ADG observed for FMED, while G:F was unaffected. Carcass weight for steers fed FMED and FHIGH did not differ but were lighter (quadratic, = 0.02) than FCON, and dressing percentage decreased linearly from 58.81 to 58.34% ( = 0.03) as HRS inclusion increased. Carcass yield grade and marbling were unaffected. Increasing HRS inclusion at the expense of BARS linearly decreased the proportion of steers with minor (= 0.02) and severe (= 0.04) liver abscesses. In conclusion, while forage yield may not differ between hybrid rye and barley, increasing the inclusion rate of HRS in diets for growing steers reduced DMI and ADG. During finishing, increasing the inclusion of HRS may decrease DMI and resulted in lighter hot carcass weight without affecting carcass yield grade or marbling.
本研究比较了用于青贮收获时大麦和杂交黑麦的产量，并评估了用杂交黑麦青贮（HRS）替代大麦青贮（BARS）对育肥牛干物质采食量（DMI）、生长性能和胴体特性的影响。全株杂交黑麦（乳熟后期）和大麦（面团软熟期）于2022年和2023年分别从3个重复的7.85公顷地块收获并青贮（每年每个处理n = 3）。每年，192头育肥牛按照完全随机区组设计分配到16个栏舍中的1个，进行生长（每年每个处理4个栏舍）和育肥（每年每个处理5或6个栏舍）阶段。生长阶段（84天）的处理包括一种对照日粮（GCON），其含有60%的BARS，在其余处理中，HRS替代了33%（GLOW）、67%（GMED）或100%（GHIGH）的BARS（干物质基础）。然后将育肥牛重新随机分配到16个栏舍中的1个进行育肥阶段，日粮含有（干物质基础）10%的BARS（FCON）或HRS替代50%（FMED）或100%（FHIGH）BARS的日粮。育肥牛饲养112天。全株杂交黑麦和大麦的饲草干物质产量没有差异（3.96对3.70吨/公顷）。在生长阶段，以BARS为代价增加HRS的添加量会降低DMI（二次效应，P = 0.02）、平均日增重（ADG；二次效应，P < 0.01）和末体重（二次效应，P = 0.02），且随着HRS添加量的增加，反应幅度增大。此外，随着HRS添加量的增加，料重比（G:F）呈线性下降（P < 0.01）。在育肥阶段，DMI有线性下降的趋势（P = 0.06），ADG先下降后上升（二次效应，P = 0.04），FMED组的ADG最低，而G:F不受影响。饲喂FMED和FHIGH的育肥牛的胴体重没有差异，但比FCON组轻（二次效应，P = 0.02），随着HRS添加量的增加，屠宰率从58.81%线性下降至58.34%（P = 0.03）。胴体产量等级和大理石花纹不受影响。以BARS为代价增加HRS的添加量会使患有轻度（P = 0.02）和重度（P = 0.04）肝脓肿的育肥牛比例呈线性下降。总之，虽然杂交黑麦和大麦的饲草产量可能没有差异，但在生长育肥牛的日粮中增加HRS的添加率会降低DMI和ADG。在育肥阶段，增加HRS的添加量可能会降低DMI，并导致热胴体重较轻，而不影响胴体产量等级或大理石花纹。
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