Saadh Mohamed J, Allela Omer Qutaiba B, Kareem Radhwan Abdul, Kyada Ashishkumar, Malathi H, Nathiya Deepak, Bhanot Deepak, Sameer Hayder Naji, Hamad Atheer Khdyair, Athab Zainab H, Adil Mohaned
Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, 11831, Jordan.
College of Pharmacy, Alnoor University, Nineveh, Iraq.
Curr Res Transl Med. 2025 Mar 29;73(3):103510. doi: 10.1016/j.retram.2025.103510.
Diabetes mellitus, a global health challenge, influences millions worldwide by leading to severe complications and premature death. A key factor in its pathogenesis is immune cell dysfunction, which aggravates both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The important role that immune cell dysregulation plays in the emergence of diabetes complications is investigated in this research. It highlights the manner in which diabetes compromises the immune system's adaptive as well as innate responses. Key defects in innate immunity include impaired pathogen recognition, and dysfunctional behavior of macrophages, neutrophils, and natural killer (NK) cells. Additionally, the complement system is dysregulated, and cytokine production is altered, affecting overall immune signaling. The study investigates the dysfunction of several T and B cell subsets, such as CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, regulatory T cells, and B cells, in relation to adaptive immunity. These dysfunctions collectively contribute to chronic inflammation, reduced pathogen clearance, and increased susceptibility to infections, ultimately exacerbating diabetes complications. Developing targeted therapies to reduce diabetes complications and enhance patient outcomes requires an understanding of these mechanisms.
糖尿病是一项全球性的健康挑战，它导致严重并发症和过早死亡，影响着全球数百万人。其发病机制的一个关键因素是免疫细胞功能障碍，这会加重1型和2型糖尿病。本研究探讨了免疫细胞失调在糖尿病并发症发生过程中所起的重要作用。它强调了糖尿病损害免疫系统适应性反应和先天性反应的方式。先天性免疫的关键缺陷包括病原体识别受损，以及巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞和自然杀伤（NK）细胞的功能异常。此外，补体系统失调，细胞因子产生改变，影响整体免疫信号传导。该研究调查了几个T细胞和B细胞亚群的功能障碍，如CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞、调节性T细胞和B细胞，与适应性免疫的关系。这些功能障碍共同导致慢性炎症、病原体清除减少和感染易感性增加，最终加剧糖尿病并发症。开发针对性疗法以减少糖尿病并发症并改善患者预后需要了解这些机制。
