Goldberg R J, Pastides H, Ellison R C, Tuthill R W, Dewitt T
Pediatr Res. 1985 Aug;19(8):787-90. doi: 10.1203/00006450-198508000-00001.
Increasing reliance is being placed on the use of quantitative epidemiological methods in the conduct and evaluation of pediatric research. The basic design features of two common types of observational studies, the case-control study and the cohort study, are reviewed. Advantages and disadvantages of these two study designs are discussed with emphasis on aspects such as the selection of comparison groups, avoiding selection and recall bias, gathering exposure information, controlling for potentially confounding factors, and methods of analysis. Appreciation of the salient features of these study design approaches should aid the clinician/researcher in the conduct of research endeavors as well as in critically reviewing the medical literature.
在儿科研究的开展和评估中，对定量流行病学方法的依赖日益增加。本文回顾了两种常见观察性研究——病例对照研究和队列研究的基本设计特征。讨论了这两种研究设计的优缺点，重点在于比较组的选择、避免选择和回忆偏倚、收集暴露信息、控制潜在混杂因素以及分析方法等方面。了解这些研究设计方法的显著特征，应有助于临床医生/研究人员开展研究工作以及批判性地审阅医学文献。
