Aakel Nada, Mohammed Rawdhah, Fathima Assela, Kerzabi Rabia, Abdallah Atiyeh, Ibrahim Wisam Nabeel
Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Cancer Med. 2025 May;14(9):e70941. doi: 10.1002/cam4.70941.
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles ranging from 40 to 100 nm in diameter that mediate intercellular communication by transferring proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other metabolites. In the context of cancer, exosomes influence the tumor microenvironment by carrying regulatory RNAs such as miRNA, circRNA, and lncRNA. They originate from various cells, including adipocytes, fibroblasts, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, and can either promote or inhibit cancer progression through pathways like MAPK and PI3K-Akt.
This review aims to explore the role of exosomes in the progression of solid cancers, emphasizing their self-induced activation mechanisms and how they modulate tumor behavior.
A comprehensive review of recent literature was conducted, focusing on studies that investigated the biological functions of exosomes in solid tumor progression, including their molecular cargo, cellular origin, and involvement in signaling pathways.
Findings from multiple studies indicate that cancer-derived exosomes contribute to tumor proliferation, metastasis, and therapy resistance by enhancing communication within the tumor microenvironment. These vesicles activate oncogenic pathways and can serve as biomarkers or therapeutic targets due to their role in disease modulation.
Exosomes play a pivotal role in solid cancer progression and offer significant potential in advancing our understanding of tumor biology. Their capacity to influence key signaling pathways and facilitate intercellular communication makes them promising candidates for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
外泌体是直径为40至100纳米的细胞外囊泡，通过转运蛋白质、脂质、核酸和其他代谢物介导细胞间通讯。在癌症背景下，外泌体通过携带miRNA、circRNA和lncRNA等调控RNA影响肿瘤微环境。它们起源于包括脂肪细胞、成纤维细胞和肝细胞癌（HCC）细胞在内的各种细胞，并可通过MAPK和PI3K-Akt等途径促进或抑制癌症进展。
本综述旨在探讨外泌体在实体癌进展中的作用，重点关注其自我诱导激活机制以及它们如何调节肿瘤行为。
对近期文献进行全面综述，重点关注研究外泌体在实体瘤进展中的生物学功能的研究，包括其分子货物、细胞来源以及参与的信号通路。
多项研究结果表明，癌症来源的外泌体通过增强肿瘤微环境内的通讯促进肿瘤增殖、转移和治疗耐药性。这些囊泡激活致癌途径，由于其在疾病调节中的作用，可作为生物标志物或治疗靶点。
外泌体在实体癌进展中起关键作用，在推进我们对肿瘤生物学的理解方面具有巨大潜力。它们影响关键信号通路和促进细胞间通讯的能力使其成为新型诊断和治疗策略的有希望的候选者。
