Department of Neurosurgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA.
Cancer Lett. 2024 Feb 1;582:216592. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216592. Epub 2023 Dec 12.
Despite therapeutic advances, overall survival in glioblastoma is dismal. To optimize progress, a more detailed understanding of glioma's molecular, cellular, and intercellular pathophysiology is needed. Recent investigation has revealed a vital role for exosomes in inter-cellular signaling, tumor cell support, and regulation of the tumor microenvironment. Exosomes carry miRNAs, lncRNAs, mRNAs, proteins, immune regulatory molecules, nucleic acids, and lipids; however, the composition of exosome cargo is variable depending on the cell of origin. Specific exosomal miRNA contents such as miR-21, miR-301a, miR-151a, miR-148a, and miR-5096 are altered in high-grade glioma. Unique proteomic, genomic, and miRNA signatures of tumor exosomes have been associated with disease pathobiology, temozolomide resistance, immunosuppression, and tumor proliferation. Exosomes hold promise for tissue diagnostic glioma diagnosis and monitoring response to therapy. This review summarizes the current understanding of exosomes, their crucial role in glioma pathology, and future directions for their use in diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: The MEDLINE/PubMed database was reviewed for papers written in English and publication dates of 1981-2023, using the search string "Exosome", "Extracellular vesicles", "Glioma", "Exosomes in glioma".
尽管治疗取得了进展，但胶质母细胞瘤的总体存活率仍然不容乐观。为了优化进展，需要更详细地了解胶质瘤的分子、细胞和细胞间病理生理学。最近的研究表明，外泌体在细胞间信号传递、肿瘤细胞支持和肿瘤微环境调节中起着至关重要的作用。外泌体携带 miRNA、lncRNA、mRNA、蛋白质、免疫调节分子、核酸和脂质；然而，外泌体货物的组成因起源细胞而异。特定的外泌体 miRNA 含量，如 miR-21、miR-301a、miR-151a、miR-148a 和 miR-5096，在高级别胶质瘤中发生改变。肿瘤外泌体独特的蛋白质组学、基因组学和 miRNA 特征与疾病病理生物学、替莫唑胺耐药性、免疫抑制和肿瘤增殖有关。外泌体有望用于组织诊断胶质瘤诊断和监测治疗反应。这篇综述总结了对外泌体的现有认识，它们在胶质瘤病理学中的关键作用，以及未来在诊断和治疗中应用的方向。方法：使用搜索字符串“外泌体”、“细胞外囊泡”、“胶质瘤”、“外泌体在胶质瘤中”，在 MEDLINE/PubMed 数据库中对 1981-2023 年发表的英文文献进行了回顾。
