Liao Zhencheng, Liu Yu, Chen Chonghao, Lei Iek Man, Dong Lei, Wang Chunming
State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
Zhuhai UM Science and Technology Research Institute (ZUMRI), University of Macau, Hengqin, China.
Adv Mater. 2025 Aug;37(32):e2417734. doi: 10.1002/adma.202417734. Epub 2025 May 9.
Three-dimensional printing of microchannel networks mimicking native vasculature provides essential functions for biomedical applications. However, developing a highly "adaptable" technique - that can adjust to diverse materials choices, high shape accuracy, and broad size ranges - for producing physiologically responsive vasculature remains challenging. Here, an innovative hydrogen bond re-orientation (HyBRO) strategy for microchannel network fabrication is reported. By identifying interfacial instability of sacrificial material (SM) during embedding as a core limitation, this strategy prints the SM into an optimal "nonsolvent" to shape the desirable channel structure. In this process, the nonsolvent instantaneously switches the SM from forming hydrogen bonds with exterior water to forming interior linkages inside it. This transition protects the SM from external solvent "erosion" upon re-exposure to embedding material, inhibiting deformation. Consequently, this approach enables the creation of accurate (>90%), multiscale (10-fold), hierarchical microchannel networks, accommodating accurate printing of a wide range of ink materials - extending from typical hydrophilic polymers into non-typical hydrophobic ones. Further biological tests demonstrate that HyBRO-produced vasculature recapitulates not only essential endothelial barrier function but also delicate ion-channel responses to varying shear stresses, highlighting its potential for engineering physiologically responsive vasculature in broad applications.
模仿天然脉管系统的微通道网络的三维打印为生物医学应用提供了基本功能。然而，开发一种高度“适应性强”的技术——能够适应多种材料选择、高形状精度和宽尺寸范围——来制造生理反应性脉管系统仍然具有挑战性。在此，报道了一种用于微通道网络制造的创新氢键重新定向（HyBRO）策略。通过将牺牲材料（SM）在嵌入过程中的界面不稳定性确定为核心限制因素，该策略将SM打印到一种最佳“非溶剂”中，以塑造所需的通道结构。在此过程中，非溶剂会立即将SM从与外部水形成氢键转变为在其内部形成内部连接。这种转变可保护SM在重新暴露于嵌入材料时免受外部溶剂的“侵蚀”，从而抑制变形。因此，这种方法能够创建精确（>90%）、多尺度（10倍）、分层的微通道网络，能够精确打印多种墨水材料——从典型的亲水性聚合物到非典型的疏水性聚合物。进一步的生物学测试表明，HyBRO制造的脉管系统不仅能够重现基本的内皮屏障功能，还能对不同的剪切应力产生微妙的离子通道反应，突出了其在广泛应用中工程化生理反应性脉管系统的潜力。
