Wang Qiang, Leung Kathy, Jit Mark, Wu Joseph T, Lin Leesa
Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
NPJ Vaccines. 2025 May 9;10(1):91. doi: 10.1038/s41541-025-01143-8.
Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) adopted in 2015 aim to reduce inequalities and achieve universal health coverage, including access to essential vaccines for all. Using data from WHO, the Vaccine Confidence Project™, World Bank, and UNDP, we analyzed between-country inequalities in coverage of four vaccines (DTP1, DTP3, MCV1, and POL3), vaccine stock-outs, and vaccine confidence. Economic- and education-related inequalities in coverage (measured by the concentration index) declined from 2015 to 2019, increased in 2020, peaked in 2021, and have declined again since 2022. Inequalities increased continuously in the Region of the Americas. Over 2015-2022, 94 countries/territories reported at least one national level DTP-containing vaccine stock-out. Countries/territories with higher income or education attainment showed lower vaccine confidence. Our study underscores the decrease of inequalities in vaccination coverage following the SDG adoption in most regions, and emphasizes the need to address vaccine stock-outs and strength the vaccine confidence.
2015年通过的可持续发展目标旨在减少不平等现象并实现全民健康覆盖，包括确保所有人都能获得基本疫苗。我们利用世界卫生组织、疫苗信心项目™、世界银行和联合国开发计划署的数据，分析了四种疫苗（百白破疫苗第一剂、百白破疫苗第三剂、第一剂脑膜炎球菌结合疫苗和脊髓灰质炎疫苗第三剂）接种覆盖率、疫苗缺货情况和疫苗信心方面的国家间不平等。2015年至2019年，与经济和教育相关的接种覆盖率不平等（以集中指数衡量）有所下降，2020年有所上升，2021年达到峰值，自2022年以来再次下降。美洲区域的不平等现象持续增加。在2015年至2022年期间，94个国家/地区报告了至少一次国家层面含百白破疫苗的缺货情况。收入或教育水平较高的国家/地区疫苗信心较低。我们的研究强调了在大多数地区采用可持续发展目标后接种覆盖率不平等现象的减少，并强调需要解决疫苗缺货问题并增强疫苗信心。
