Marčiulaitienė Eglė, Malaiškienė Jurgita, Boris Renata, Urbonavičius Jaunius, Tauraitė Daiva, Biyada Saloua
Department of Environmental Protection and Water Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Saulėtekio av. 11, Vilnius, LT-10223, Lithuania.
Institute of Building Materials, Laboratory of Composite Materials, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Linkmenų str. 28, Vilnius, LT-08217, Lithuania.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2025 May 10;41(5):172. doi: 10.1007/s11274-025-04392-w.
Ammonia gas has emerged as a major concern for many industrial facilities. With the same degree of hazard, plastic waste after mechanical processing is becoming a crucial challenge for many mechanical plastics recycling plants. In this respect, the present study explored the use of plastic waste obtained from mechanical recycling plants as an adsorbent to treat ammonia gas using a biofiltration device. The physical-chemical parameters of the adsorbent used, notably moisture, ash, organic matter, pH and elemental analysis were determined. Next-generation sequencing and scanning electron microscopy analyses were carried out to detect and identify the nature of bacterial communities in the biofilters used. The results of the chemical analysis showed that the adsorbent used is appropriate for the development of the microorganisms. X-ray fluorescence analysis showed that the adsorbent belongs to the silico-aluminous materials, proving its effectiveness as an adsorbent. The efficiency of ammonia removal was over 93% using the biofilter. Next-generation sequencing revealed that bacteria belonging to ammonia oxidizers such as Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira are among the most abundant bacteria after the biofiltration process, which explains the efficiency of ammonia removal. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the development of a biofilm on the surface of the biofilter after filtration. Ultimately, these results offer a promising novel approach for valorisation of the plastic waste.
氨气已成为许多工业设施的主要关注点。在具有相同危害程度的情况下，机械加工后的塑料废料正成为许多机械塑料回收厂面临的关键挑战。在这方面，本研究探索了将机械回收厂产生的塑料废料用作吸附剂，通过生物过滤装置来处理氨气。测定了所用吸附剂的物理化学参数，特别是水分、灰分、有机物、pH值和元素分析。进行了下一代测序和扫描电子显微镜分析，以检测和识别所用生物滤池中细菌群落的性质。化学分析结果表明，所用吸附剂适合微生物的生长。X射线荧光分析表明，该吸附剂属于硅铝材料，证明了其作为吸附剂的有效性。使用生物滤池时，氨气去除效率超过93%。下一代测序显示，属于氨氧化菌的细菌，如亚硝化单胞菌和亚硝化螺菌，是生物过滤过程后最丰富的细菌之一，这解释了氨气去除的效率。扫描电子显微镜证实了过滤后生物滤池表面形成了生物膜。最终，这些结果为塑料废料的增值利用提供了一种有前景的新方法。
