Weiss A, Penzlin H
Physiol Behav. 1985 May;34(5):697-703. doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(85)90367-1.
Headless cockroaches were trained either to lift or to lower the prothoracic leg to avoid electric shocks. The learning process in both cases was very distinct. However, the learning performance in the lifting was better than in the lowering task. The reason for this poorer learning in the lowering task is due to the unconditioned leg raising movement of the animals to electric shocks. This unconditioned response affects the headless cockroaches avoid shocks in the lifting task by escape learning, whereas they avoid shocks in the lowering task by true avoidance learning. Injection of 30 microliter of Ringer's solution has no significant effect on the learning process in the lifting task. In the lowering task, however, Ringer's solution impairs the learning ability considerably. Crude extract of corpora cardiaca strongly inhibits the learning of both tasks.
无头蟑螂被训练抬起或放下前胸腿以避免电击。两种情况下的学习过程非常不同。然而，抬起动作的学习表现优于放下动作的任务。放下动作任务中学习较差的原因是动物对电击的无条件抬腿动作。这种无条件反应影响无头蟑螂在抬起动作任务中通过逃避学习来避免电击，而它们在放下动作任务中通过真正的回避学习来避免电击。注射30微升林格氏液对抬起动作任务的学习过程没有显著影响。然而，在放下动作任务中，林格氏液会严重损害学习能力。心侧体粗提取物强烈抑制这两种任务的学习。
