de Vries Ronald P
Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584, CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Fungal Genet Biol. 2025 Jun;179:104001. doi: 10.1016/j.fgb.2025.104001. Epub 2025 May 8.
Carbon utilization is crucial for the cellular functions of all fungi and is highly dependent on the prevalent carbon sources in the environment. In natural environments, plant biomass is a major carbon source for most saprobic and pathogenic filamentous fungi and its utilization requires a complex process involving extracellular enzymes, sugar transporters and metabolic pathways, governed by a network of transcriptional regulators. Filamentous fungi form extensive colonies that encounter highly diverse environmental conditions and available carbon levels, which raises the question if, and to which extent, parts of the colony exposed to sufficient carbon source levels can support other parts that are under carbon limitation or starvation. While it is difficult to mimic the heterogenic natural conditions in a laboratory experiment, several studies into carbon translocation, and colony and hyphal differentiation have provided insights into this complex biological process. These studies are reviewed here and their insights are re-assessed and combined into a current state of the art of this field.
碳利用对于所有真菌的细胞功能至关重要，并且高度依赖于环境中普遍存在的碳源。在自然环境中，植物生物质是大多数腐生和致病丝状真菌的主要碳源，其利用需要一个复杂的过程，涉及细胞外酶、糖转运蛋白和代谢途径，这些过程由转录调节因子网络控制。丝状真菌形成广泛的菌落，会遇到高度多样的环境条件和可用碳水平，这就提出了一个问题：暴露于充足碳源水平的菌落部分是否能够以及在多大程度上支持处于碳限制或饥饿状态的其他部分。虽然在实验室实验中很难模拟异质的自然条件，但几项关于碳转运以及菌落和菌丝分化的研究为这一复杂的生物学过程提供了见解。本文对这些研究进行了综述，并对其见解进行了重新评估，并将其整合到该领域的当前技术水平中。
