Simão A Y, Tokuyama P Y, Zampieri G, Rocha V, Madruga C, Isicawa K, Cidade L S, Almeida K R, da Silva N R, Barroso M, Andraus M, Gallardo E
Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Covilhã, Portugal; Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; RISE-Health, Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã 6200-506, Portugal.
Química Analítica, Diagnósticos da América S.A., São Paulo, Brazil.
Forensic Sci Int. 2025 Jun;371:112493. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112493. Epub 2025 May 6.
In this study, over 900 hair samples from individuals using drugs of abuse in São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil were analysed for classical drugs and new psychoactive substances (NPS) in hair samples. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods were developed for the detection of some drugs (25B-NBOMe, 25C-NBOMe, 25E-NBOH, 2C-C, 2C-I, 3,4-MDPHP, 3-MeO-PCP, 5F-MDMB-PINACA, 5-MeO-DMT, cannabidiol, ethylone, JWH 073, ketamine, mephedrone and UR-144) and drug adulterants (levamisole, phenacetin, strychnine); other substances including cocaine, amphetamines, benzodiazepines, opioids, cannabinoids were also analysed. The methods demonstrated good selectivity, linearity with lower limits of quantification ranging from 0.02 to 0.26 ng/mg, as well as precision and accuracy meeting ISO/IEC 17025 criteria. A total of 29.8 % samples were positive for at least one drug. Cocaine and its metabolites were the most frequently detected, with benzoylecgonine (111 cases), cocaine (88 cases), and cocaethylene (37 cases), highlighting prevalent cocaine use. Cannabinoids were also common, with THC (57 cases) and CBN (48 cases) detected. The presence of adulterants such as phenacetin (76 cases), levamisole (14 cases), and strychnine (3 cases) were also identified. Additionally, 5F-MDMB-PINACA was also detected (5 cases), along with ketamine (9 cases). Findings also highlighted a prevalence of poly-drug consumption, where THC was frequently detected with cocaine (20 cases) and benzoylecgonine (26 cases). CBN also showed notable associations with cocaine (16 cases) and benzoylecgonine (22 cases). These findings provide important insights into the evolving drug landscape in Brazil and highlight the effectiveness of hair analysis as a tool for monitoring drug use.
在本研究中，对巴西圣保罗和南里奥格兰德州900多个滥用药物者的毛发样本进行了分析，以检测毛发样本中的经典药物和新型精神活性物质（NPS）。开发了液相色谱 - 串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）方法用于检测某些药物（25B-NBOMe、25C-NBOMe、25E-NBOH、2C-C、2C-I、3,4-MDPHP、3-MeO-PCP、5F-MDMB-PINACA、5-MeO-DMT、大麻二酚、乙酮、JWH 073、氯胺酮、甲麻黄碱和UR-144）以及药物掺假物（左旋咪唑、非那西丁、士的宁）；还分析了其他物质，包括可卡因、苯丙胺、苯二氮䓬类、阿片类、大麻素类。这些方法具有良好的选择性、线性，定量下限范围为0.02至0.26 ng/mg，精密度和准确度符合ISO/IEC 17025标准。共有29.8%的样本至少对一种药物呈阳性。可卡因及其代谢物是最常检测到的，其中有苯甲酰爱康宁（111例）、可卡因（88例）和可卡乙碱（37例），突出了可卡因使用的普遍性。大麻素类也很常见，检测到四氢大麻酚（57例）和大麻酚（48例）。还鉴定出了掺假物的存在，如非那西丁（76例）、左旋咪唑（14例）和士的宁（3例）。此外，还检测到了5F-MDMB-PINACA（5例）以及氯胺酮（9例）。研究结果还突出了多药消费的普遍性，其中四氢大麻酚经常与可卡因（20例）和苯甲酰爱康宁（26例）一起被检测到。大麻酚也与可卡因（16例）和苯甲酰爱康宁（22例）有显著关联。这些发现为巴西不断变化的毒品形势提供了重要见解，并突出了毛发分析作为监测药物使用工具的有效性。
