Ningrum Tyas Sr, Doewes Muchsin, Indarto Dono, Cilmiaty Risya, Kristiyanto Agus, Widyaningsih Vitri
Doctoral Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia.
Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas 'Aisyiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Narra J. 2025 Apr;5(1):e1680. doi: 10.52225/narra.v5i1.1680. Epub 2025 Feb 17.
Eccentric exercise often leads to oxidative stress, inflammation, and muscle damage that impair athletic performance. To counter these adverse effects, clove flower extract () offers promising potential as a natural remedy to promote muscle repair with its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of clove flower extract administration timing on oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in skeletal muscle damage induced by acute eccentric exercise in mice. This study used a post-test-only control group design, involving 35 male mice (, Balb/c) randomly divided into five groups: a healthy control group (HG) with no exercise and no treatment, a negative control group (NG) with exercise but no treatment, T1 group (receiving clove flower extract 24 hours before exercise), T2 group (receiving clove flower extract immediately after exercise), and T3 group (receiving clove flower extract 24 hours after exercise). The treatment groups received a single dose of clove flower extract (500 mg/kg body weight (BW)). The skeletal muscle damage in mice was collected by measuring NADPH oxidase (NOX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities using spectrophotometry, as well as toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, the skeletal muscle damage was analyzed through the histopathological method. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) tests as a post hoc test. The result showed that clove flower extract significantly reduced NOX (=0.049) and IL-8 (=0.032) levels, increased SOD activity (=0.001), and did not significantly affect TLR4 levels (=0.532). Moreover, the results showed a significant reduction in muscle damage (=0.001). The study highlights that the administration of clove flower extract (500 mg/kg BW) 24 hours before exercise, immediately after exercise, or 24 hours after exercise can help prevent muscle damage.
离心运动常常会导致氧化应激、炎症反应以及肌肉损伤，从而损害运动表现。为了对抗这些不良影响，丁香花提取物凭借其强大的抗氧化和抗炎特性，作为一种促进肌肉修复的天然疗法具有广阔的潜力。本研究的目的是评估丁香花提取物给药时间对小鼠急性离心运动诱导的骨骼肌损伤中氧化应激和炎症反应的影响。本研究采用仅后测对照组设计，涉及35只雄性小鼠（体重25 - 30克，Balb/c），随机分为五组：无运动且未接受处理的健康对照组（HG）、有运动但未接受处理的阴性对照组（NG）、运动前24小时接受丁香花提取物的T1组、运动后立即接受丁香花提取物的T2组以及运动后24小时接受丁香花提取物的T3组。各处理组接受单剂量的丁香花提取物（500毫克/千克体重）。通过分光光度法测量NADPH氧化酶（NOX）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性，以及使用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）检测Toll样受体4（TLR4）和白细胞介素 - 8（IL - 8）水平来收集小鼠的骨骼肌损伤情况。此外，通过组织病理学方法分析骨骼肌损伤。数据采用单因素方差分析（ANOVA），随后进行Fisher最小显著差异（LSD）检验作为事后检验。结果表明，丁香花提取物显著降低了NOX（P = 0.049）和IL - 8（P = 0.032）水平，提高了SOD活性（P = 0.001），并且对TLR4水平没有显著影响（P = 0.532）。此外，结果显示肌肉损伤显著减少（P = 0.001）。该研究强调，在运动前24小时、运动后立即或运动后24小时给予丁香花提取物（500毫克/千克体重）有助于预防肌肉损伤。
