Erda Roza, Hamidi Dachriyanus, Desmawati Desmawati, Rasyid Rosfita, Sarfika Rika
Doctoral Program in Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia.
Departement of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia.
Narra J. 2025 Apr;5(1):e2049. doi: 10.52225/narra.v5i1.2049. Epub 2025 Feb 21.
Malnutrition among school-aged children in urban-industrial settings presents a dual burden of undernutrition and overnutrition. The aim of this study was to examine factors influencing the nutritional status of elementary school children in Batam, Indonesia. A case-control study was conducted in Batam, focusing on children aged 6-12 years, with malnourished cases (undernutrition and overnutrition) and well-nourished controls, along with their mothers. Respondents were selected through stratified random sampling from public elementary schools. Inclusion criteria encompassed children enrolled in these schools, while exclusion criteria involved children with chronic health conditions. Data were collected via structured interviews utilizing validated questionnaires, anthropometric assessments (weight-for-age and height-for-age), and parent-reported socioeconomic, behavioral and family characteristics. Statistical analysis involved binary logistic regression to identify significant risk factors associated with malnutrition. A total of 188 children, including 94 malnourished cases (40 undernutrition and 54 overnutrition) and 94 well-nourished controls. The findings revealed significant differences between cases and controls in socioeconomic factors (pocket money ( = 0.027), family income ( = 0.042)), behavioral factors (sedentary activity ( = 0.019), dietary habits ( = 0.037)) and family factors (maternal BMI, = 0.011; maternal nutritional knowledge, = 0.004; parenting style, = 0.035). Dominant risk factors for malnutrition (undernutrition or overnutrition) included poor dietary habits (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.451; 95%CI: 0.225-0.901; = 0.024), maternal obesity class II (aOR: 0.126; 95%CI: 0.030-0.535; = 0.005), and low maternal nutritional knowledge (aOR: 0.294; 95%CI: 0.124-0.696; = 0.005). Targeted family-centered interventions focusing on dietary practices and maternal education are therefore recommended to address this issue.
城市工业环境中，学龄儿童营养不良呈现出营养不足和营养过剩的双重负担。本研究旨在探讨影响印度尼西亚巴淡岛小学生营养状况的因素。在巴淡岛开展了一项病例对照研究，重点关注6至12岁的儿童，包括营养不良病例（营养不足和营养过剩）、营养良好的对照儿童及其母亲。通过分层随机抽样从公立小学选取受访者。纳入标准包括在这些学校就读的儿童，排除标准包括患有慢性健康问题的儿童。通过使用经过验证的问卷进行结构化访谈、人体测量评估（年龄别体重和年龄别身高）以及家长报告的社会经济、行为和家庭特征来收集数据。统计分析采用二元逻辑回归来确定与营养不良相关的显著风险因素。共有188名儿童，其中包括94例营养不良病例（40例营养不足和54例营养过剩）以及94名营养良好的对照儿童。研究结果显示，病例组和对照组在社会经济因素（零花钱（p = 0.027）、家庭收入（p = 0.042））、行为因素（久坐不动（p = 0.019）、饮食习惯（p = 0.037））和家庭因素（母亲体重指数，p = 0.011；母亲营养知识，p = 0.004；育儿方式，p = 0.035）方面存在显著差异。营养不良（营养不足或营养过剩）的主要风险因素包括不良饮食习惯（调整比值比（aOR）：0.451；95%置信区间：0.225 - 0.901；p = 0.024）、母亲II级肥胖（aOR：0.126；95%置信区间：0.030 - 0.535；p = 0.005）以及母亲营养知识水平低（aOR：0.294；95%置信区间：0.124 - 0.696；p = 0.005）。因此，建议采取以家庭为中心的针对性干预措施，重点关注饮食习惯和母亲教育，以解决这一问题。
