Zubin J
Schizophr Bull. 1985;11(3):461-70. doi: 10.1093/schbul/11.3.461.
The sudden popularity of positive and negative symptoms (PNS) has probably arisen as a result of the need for an instrument for clustering schizophrenic patients into subgroups that would respond similarly to the various treatments. The relation of PNS to the three major models for the etiology of schizophrenia (disease, socioenvironmental, and vulnerability) has been delineated. The question was raised regarding the indigenous nature of negative symptoms, their permanency, and whether they can be used to test the tenability of the three models. A strategy was suggested for determining whether the negative symptoms are permanent features of schizophrenia by providing techniques for attempting to eliminate them through therapeutic intervention. The need for developing operational criteria for the presence of each symptom was suggested to improve reliability of ratings, and construct validity designs were formulated for increasing their validity. The provision of a valid and reliable scale for negative symptoms and a scientific model for encompassing the various claims for negative symptoms is necessary before progress can be made.
阳性和阴性症状（PNS）的突然流行，可能是由于需要一种工具，以便将精神分裂症患者聚类为对各种治疗有相似反应的亚组。PNS与精神分裂症病因的三种主要模型（疾病、社会环境和易感性）之间的关系已被阐明。有人提出了关于阴性症状的固有性质、其持久性以及它们是否可用于检验这三种模型的合理性的问题。有人建议采用一种策略，通过提供试图通过治疗干预消除阴性症状的技术，来确定阴性症状是否为精神分裂症的永久性特征。有人建议制定每种症状存在的操作标准，以提高评分的可靠性，并制定结构效度设计以提高其效度。在取得进展之前，必须提供一个有效且可靠的阴性症状量表以及一个涵盖对阴性症状各种主张的科学模型。
