McCreadie R G, Williamson D J, Athawes R W, Connolly M A, Tilak-Singh D
Crichton Royal Hospital, Dumfries.
Br J Psychiatry. 1994 Sep;165(3):347-52. doi: 10.1192/bjp.165.3.347.
A population of adult schizophrenic patients was assessed to discover how the patients viewed their childhood, whether their view differed from non-schizophrenic adults, and to determine any association between parental rearing practices as perceived by the patient, childhood personality as perceived by the mother, and current symptoms. Type and level of expressed emotion shown by parents towards patients was also examined.
Parental attitudes, as perceived by 50 schizophrenic patients, were assessed by the EMBU scale. Patients' premorbid personality and social adjustment were assessed through interviews with patients' mothers by the Scale for the Assessment of Premorbid Schizoid and Schizotypal Traits and the Premorbid Social Adjustment Scale. Current symptoms were assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and Subjective Deficit Syndrome Scale.
Patients saw little difference between fathers' and mothers' attitudes. There was a positive correlation between parental rejection and overprotection, and a negative correlation between rejection and warmth. There were no significant correlations between parental rearing attitudes and patients' childhood personality; there was a significant correlation between parental attitudes and current symptoms. Rejection and overprotection were associated with more severe, warmth with less severe symptoms, especially so for positive schizophrenic symptoms and general psychopathology. Although there was no association between the general level of expressed emotion shown by the parent towards the adult patient, and patients' perceived parental rearing attitudes, parents with high expressed emotion on the basis of hostility had higher rejection scores on the parental rearing attitudes scale.
Schizophrenic patients saw their parents as showing much less warmth, and the severity of currents symptoms was associated with perceived parental rearing attitudes. The hostility component of high expressed emotion may be a parental trait which exists before the illness begins.
对一群成年精神分裂症患者进行评估，以了解患者如何看待自己的童年，他们的看法是否与非精神分裂症成年人不同，并确定患者所感知的父母养育方式、母亲所感知的童年性格与当前症状之间的任何关联。还研究了父母对患者所表现出的情感表达类型和程度。
采用EMBU量表评估50名精神分裂症患者所感知的父母态度。通过使用病前分裂样和分裂型特质评估量表及病前社会适应量表，对患者母亲进行访谈，评估患者的病前人格和社会适应情况。采用阳性和阴性症状量表及主观缺陷综合征量表评估当前症状。
患者认为父亲和母亲的态度没有太大差异。父母的拒绝与过度保护之间呈正相关，拒绝与温暖之间呈负相关。父母养育态度与患者的童年性格之间没有显著相关性；父母态度与当前症状之间存在显著相关性。拒绝和过度保护与更严重的症状相关，温暖与较不严重的症状相关，尤其是对于阳性精神分裂症症状和一般精神病理学症状。尽管父母对成年患者所表现出的情感表达总体水平与患者所感知的父母养育态度之间没有关联，但基于敌意表现出高情感表达的父母在父母养育态度量表上的拒绝得分更高。
精神分裂症患者认为他们的父母表现出的温暖少得多，当前症状的严重程度与所感知的父母养育态度有关。高情感表达中的敌意成分可能是疾病开始前就存在的一种父母特质。
