Zarei Hamed, Norasteh Ali Asghar, Lieberman Lauren J, Ertel Michael W, Brian Ali
Physical Education & Sport Sciences, (Corrective Exercise and Sport Injuries), Corrective Exercises and Sports Injury Department, Faculty of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, College of Physical Education& sport sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
PLoS One. 2025 May 12;20(5):e0321065. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0321065. eCollection 2025.
Limited evidence exists on the efficiency of the sensory systems of children with sensory impairment. The purpose of this study was to examine the sensory systems involved in postural control of male children with hearing (HI) or visual impairments (VI) compared to those without HI or VI. Participants aged 9-13 years old (N = 45, Mage = 11.43, SD = 1.5) were placed within one of three equally stratified purposive groups (HI, VI, comparison children). Postural control was measured using a Kistler force plate (with stabilometric parameters: mean velocity in the anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML), standard deviation (SD) velocity in the AP and ML directions, and sway area) applying four different sensory conditions; condition A: standing on two legs on a stable surface with the eyes open and without any sensory interference (assessment of postural control); condition B: standing on two legs on a stable surface with eyes closed and hyper-extension of the head (perturbation of vestibular and visual system: assessment of proprioceptive system); condition C: standing on two legs on an unstable surface with hyper-extension of the head (perturbation of vestibular and proprioception system: assessment of visual system); condition D: standing on two feet on an unstable surface and eyes closed (perturbation of proprioception and visual system: assessment of vestibular system). The results indicated that in the assessment of postural control condition, comparison children had smaller center of pressure (COP) parameters than children with VI and HI (p = 0.001). Also, children with HI had smaller COP parameters compared to VI (p = 0.001). In the assessment of proprioceptive system condition, comparison children had greater COP parameters than children with HI and VI (p = 0.001). In conclusion, comparison children had better postural control than children with VI and HI; and children with HI had better postural control than children with VI. The proprioceptive system of children with VI and HI performed better than comparison children in maintaining postural control. Consequently, children with VI, HI, and comparison children depend on the proprioceptive system more than other sensory systems to maintain postural control.
关于感觉障碍儿童感觉系统的效率，现有证据有限。本研究的目的是检查与无听力障碍（HI）或视力障碍（VI）的男性儿童相比，有听力障碍（HI）或视力障碍（VI）的男性儿童在姿势控制中涉及的感觉系统。9至13岁的参与者（N = 45，平均年龄 = 11.43，标准差 = 1.5）被分为三个同等分层的目的抽样组之一（HI组、VI组、对照儿童组）。使用奇石乐测力台测量姿势控制（测量参数：前后（AP）和内外侧（ML）方向的平均速度、AP和ML方向的速度标准差以及摆动面积），应用四种不同的感觉条件；条件A：在稳定表面上双脚站立，眼睛睁开，无任何感觉干扰（姿势控制评估）；条件B：在稳定表面上双脚站立，眼睛闭合，头部过度伸展（前庭和视觉系统扰动：本体感觉系统评估）；条件C：在不稳定表面上双脚站立，头部过度伸展（前庭和本体感觉系统扰动：视觉系统评估）；条件D：在不稳定表面上双脚站立，眼睛闭合（本体感觉和视觉系统扰动：前庭系统评估）。结果表明，在姿势控制条件评估中，对照儿童的压力中心（COP）参数小于有VI和HI的儿童（p = 0.001）。此外，有HI的儿童的COP参数小于有VI的儿童（p = 0.001）。在本体感觉系统条件评估中，对照儿童的COP参数大于有HI和VI的儿童（p = 0.001）。总之，对照儿童的姿势控制比有VI和HI的儿童更好；有HI的儿童的姿势控制比有VI的儿童更好。有VI和HI的儿童的本体感觉系统在维持姿势控制方面比对照儿童表现更好。因此，有VI、HI的儿童和对照儿童在维持姿势控制方面比其他感觉系统更依赖本体感觉系统。
