Do Seong Duk, Rhee Jae-Sung
Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.
Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Core Research Institute, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; Yellow Sea Research Institute, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.
J Hazard Mater. 2025 Aug 15;494:138531. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138531. Epub 2025 May 9.
Despite the strict regulation of short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs), they continue to be detected in marine environments and organisms worldwide. However, their toxicity to marine fish has been scarcely studied. In this study, the effect of different concentrations of SCCPs (0-1000 μg L⁻) on the early life stages of the marine medaka Oryzias melastigma was evaluated. The impacts of SCCPs on the embryonic stage of O. melastigma were considered negligible, while significant growth retardation was observed during the larval stages after 13 days of exposure, with the median lethal concentration (LC) determined as 227 μg L⁻. Exposure to SCCPs for 4 days resulted in melanosome dispersion, immobilization, disruption of feeding activity, and an increase in acetylcholinesterase activity, suggesting that SCCPs induce neurotoxicity in the cholinergic system, leading to mortality through starvation. Dose-dependent DNA damage, fluctuations in mitochondrial respiration, and increases in intracellular reactive oxygen species content and apoptosis were observed after 4 days of exposure, indicating strong induction of oxidative stress. In addition, potential endocrine disruption was observed, as SCCPs significantly decreased cortisol content and modulated the mRNA expressions of genes involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis. Taken together, exposure to SCCPs resulted in mortality and growth retardation, primarily through neurotoxicity and oxidative stress in marine medaka larvae.
尽管短链氯化石蜡（SCCPs）受到严格管制，但在全球范围内的海洋环境和生物中仍能检测到它们。然而，它们对海洋鱼类的毒性却鲜有研究。在本研究中，评估了不同浓度的SCCPs（0 - 1000μg L⁻）对海洋青鳉（Oryzias melastigma）早期生命阶段的影响。SCCPs对青鳉胚胎阶段的影响可忽略不计，但在暴露13天后的幼体阶段观察到显著的生长迟缓，确定的半数致死浓度（LC）为227μg L⁻。暴露于SCCPs 4天导致黑素体分散、活动停止、摄食活动中断以及乙酰胆碱酯酶活性增加，这表明SCCPs在胆碱能系统中诱导神经毒性，导致饥饿死亡。暴露4天后观察到剂量依赖性的DNA损伤、线粒体呼吸波动、细胞内活性氧含量增加和细胞凋亡，表明强烈诱导了氧化应激。此外，观察到潜在的内分泌干扰，因为SCCPs显著降低了皮质醇含量并调节了下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾间轴相关基因的mRNA表达。综上所述，暴露于SCCPs导致死亡和生长迟缓，主要是通过对海洋青鳉幼体的神经毒性和氧化应激作用。
