Fang Ke, Guo Xiaojie, He Runming, Sun Yibin, Huang Yixuan, Cui Hongyang, Lu Yifu, Gu Wen, Wang Chao, Wan Yi, Tang Song, Shi Xiaoming
China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China.
China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China; School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510515, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2025 Jun 25;495:139065. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139065.
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are a group of persistent organic pollutants widely applied in industrial processes, raising significant concerns regarding human internal exposure through environmental and dietary pathways. Currently, there is a lack of effective and cost-efficient methods for extracting CPs from large-scale human biomonitoring samples, and short-term variations in human internal exposure remain insufficiently characterized, particularly among the vulnerable elderly population. Here a novel, rapid, and highly efficient pretreatment method was developed to simultaneously quantify CPs of varying carbon chain lengths in minimized volumes of human plasma. This method significantly reduced the required sample volume and streamlined operational steps. It also minimized matrix effects while maintaining high accuracy and precision, enabling the simultaneous extraction of 13 very-short-chain chlorinated paraffins (vSCCPs), 24 short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs), 34 medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs), and 35 long-chain chlorinated paraffins (LCCPs) from limited plasma samples (50 μL). The method detection limits (MDLs) and method quantification limits (MQLs) ranged from 0.02 to 1.80 ng/mL and 0.06-7.21 ng/mL, respectively. Using this method, we assessed temporal variability in internal CPs exposure across 315 plasma samples collected over 5 consecutive months from 76 healthy elderly individuals (aged 60-69) in Jinan, China. The detection frequencies were highest for SCCPs (98.73 %) and vSCCPs (90.48 %), followed by MCCPs (31.75 %) and LCCPs (16.83 %). Mean plasma concentrations were 6.12 ng/mL for SCCPs, 0.91 ng/mL for vSCCPs, 0.33 ng/mL for MCCPs, and 0.04 ng/mL for LCCPs, with a declining trend observed for vSCCPs and SCCPs over time. Correlation analysis and linear mixed-effects models (LMM) suggested that diet was the primary exposure pathway for CPs, with indoor hygiene practices also showing associations. This study provides a significant methodological advancement for biomonitoring CPs exposures, offering a powerful tool for characterizing exposure dynamics and providing a groundwork for mitigating health risks associated with these persistent pollutants globally.
氯化石蜡（CPs）是一类广泛应用于工业生产过程中的持久性有机污染物，人们对其通过环境和饮食途径导致人体内部暴露深感担忧。目前，缺乏从大规模人体生物监测样本中提取CPs的有效且经济高效的方法，人体内部暴露的短期变化特征仍不充分，尤其是在易受影响的老年人群体中。在此，我们开发了一种新颖、快速且高效的预处理方法，用于在最小化的人体血浆体积中同时定量不同碳链长度的CPs。该方法显著减少了所需样本体积并简化了操作步骤。它还在保持高精度和精密度的同时将基质效应降至最低，能够从有限的血浆样本（50μL）中同时提取13种极短链氯化石蜡（vSCCPs）、24种短链氯化石蜡（SCCPs）、34种中链氯化石蜡（MCCPs）和35种长链氯化石蜡（LCCPs）。方法检测限（MDLs）和方法定量限（MQLs）分别为0.02至1.80 ng/mL和0.06 - 7.21 ng/mL。使用该方法，我们评估了来自中国济南76名健康老年人（年龄60 - 69岁）连续5个月收集的315份血浆样本中CPs内部暴露的时间变异性。SCCPs（98.73%）和vSCCPs（90.48%）的检出频率最高，其次是MCCPs（31.75%）和LCCPs（16.83%）。SCCPs的平均血浆浓度为6.12 ng/mL，vSCCPs为0.91 ng/mL，MCCPs为
