Xu Weiwen, Chen Yaping, Yang Weifang
Department of Psychiatry, Taizhou Second Peoples' Hospital, 317200 Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.
Actas Esp Psiquiatr. 2025 May;53(3):570-577. doi: 10.62641/aep.v53i3.1823.
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a chronic mental disorder characterized by severe impairments in the daily functioning and social interactions of the patient. Compared to conventional pharmacological interventions, electroencephalogram (EEG) biofeedback offers stable and sustained effects and reduces susceptibility to relapse. This study aimed to investigate the impact of EEG biofeedback combined with olanzapine (OLZ) on glucose and lipid metabolism, cardiac function, and cognitive ability in SCZ patients.
A retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical records of 66 SCZ patients who received treatment at Taizhou Second Peoples' Hospital between June 2023 and March 2024. The patients were categorized into groups based on their treatment regimens: a single group (n = 30) and a combined therapy group (EEG biofeedback + OLZ, n = 36). Treatment efficacy and adverse reactions were compared between the groups. Key parameters assessed included glucose and lipid metabolism [total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG)], electrocardiographic (ECG) findings [T-wave changes, ST-segment changes, sinus bradycardia, sinus tachycardia, and other abnormalities], symptom severity [Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)], and cognitive function [Insight and Treatment Attitudes Questionnaire (ITAQ)] before and after treatment.
The total effective rate in the combined therapy group (91.67%) was significantly higher than in the single group (73.33%) (p < 0.05). Post-treatment, both groups exhibited significantly lower TC and FPG levels and higher TG levels compared to pre-treatment values (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed between groups in these metabolic indices (p > 0.05). Similarly, no significant differences in ECG abnormalities were detected between groups, either pre- or post-treatment (p > 0.05). The combined therapy group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in general psychopathological symptoms, positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and PANSS scores, as well as significantly higher ITAQ scores compared to the single group (p < 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions did not significantly differ between the single group (6.67%) and the combined therapy group (13.89%) (p > 0.05).
EEG biofeedback combined with OLZ improves psychiatric symptoms and cognitive function of SCZ patients compared to OLZ monotherapy. Notably, the combined therapy does not exacerbate ECG abnormalities, metabolic indices, or adverse reactions, indicating a favorable safety profile.
精神分裂症（SCZ）是一种慢性精神障碍，其特征是患者的日常功能和社交互动严重受损。与传统药物干预相比，脑电图（EEG）生物反馈具有稳定且持续的效果，并降低复发易感性。本研究旨在探讨EEG生物反馈联合奥氮平（OLZ）对SCZ患者糖脂代谢、心功能和认知能力的影响。
对2023年6月至2024年3月在泰州市第二人民医院接受治疗的66例SCZ患者的病历进行回顾性分析。根据治疗方案将患者分为两组：单药组（n = 30）和联合治疗组（EEG生物反馈+OLZ，n = 36）。比较两组的治疗效果和不良反应。评估的关键参数包括糖脂代谢[总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）和空腹血糖（FPG）]、心电图（ECG）结果[T波改变、ST段改变、窦性心动过缓、窦性心动过速和其他异常]、症状严重程度[阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）]以及治疗前后的认知功能[领悟与治疗态度问卷（ITAQ）]。
联合治疗组的总有效率（91.67%）显著高于单药组（73.33%）（p < 0.05）。治疗后，两组的TC和FPG水平均显著低于治疗前，TG水平高于治疗前（p < 0.05）。然而，两组在这些代谢指标上无显著差异（p > 0.05）。同样，治疗前和治疗后两组在ECG异常方面也未检测到显著差异（p > 0.05）。与单药组相比，联合治疗组在一般精神病理症状、阳性症状、阴性症状和PANSS评分方面有显著更大的改善，以及ITAQ评分显著更高（p < 0.05）。单药组（6.67%）和联合治疗组（13.89%）的不良反应发生率无显著差异（p > 0.05）。
与OLZ单药治疗相比，EEG生物反馈联合OLZ可改善SCZ患者的精神症状和认知功能。值得注意的是，联合治疗不会加重ECG异常、代谢指标或不良反应，表明其安全性良好。
