Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 100 East Lehigh Avenue, Suite 305B, Philadelphia, PA 19125, USA.
New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.
Med Clin North Am. 2023 Jan;107(1):61-72. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2022.05.005. Epub 2022 Oct 28.
Schizophrenia is a disabling condition impacting approximately 1% of the worldwide population. Symptoms include positive symptoms (eg, hallucinations, delusions), negative symptoms (eg, avolition, anhedonia), and cognitive impairment. There are likely many different environmental and pathophysiologic etiologies involving distinct neurotransmitters and neurocircuits. Pharmacologic treatment at present consists of dopamine receptor antagonists, which are reasonably effective at treating positive symptoms, but less effective at treating cognitive and negative symptoms. Nondopaminergic medications targeting alternative receptors are under investigation. Supportive psychosocial treatments can work in tandem with antipsychotic medications and optimize patient care.
精神分裂症是一种致残性疾病，影响着全球约 1%的人口。其症状包括阳性症状（如幻觉、妄想）、阴性症状（如意志缺失、快感缺失）和认知障碍。可能有许多不同的环境和病理生理病因涉及不同的神经递质和神经回路。目前的药物治疗包括多巴胺受体拮抗剂，这些药物在治疗阳性症状方面相当有效，但在治疗认知和阴性症状方面效果较差。针对其他受体的非多巴胺能药物正在研究中。支持性的心理社会治疗可以与抗精神病药物协同作用，优化患者护理。
