Yang Xiaofang, Li Zhongyue, Yang Mei
School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, No.30 Qingquan Road, Yantai, 264005, China.
Chempluschem. 2025 Jul;90(7):e202500087. doi: 10.1002/cplu.202500087. Epub 2025 May 12.
The growing reliance on nuclear energy necessitates efficient strategies for managing spent nuclear fuel, particularly the capture of volatile radioactive iodine, which poses significant environmental and health risks. Crystalline porous materials have emerged as promising candidates for iodine adsorption due to their high surface areas, tunable porosity, and abundant active sites. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advancements in the design and application of four classes of crystalline porous materials for iodine capture: metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks, and porous organic cages. The discussion focuses on key adsorption mechanisms, structural modifications, and functionalization strategies that enhance iodine adsorption capacity, retention, and recyclability. While significant progress has been made, challenges remain in scaling up synthesis, improving stability under industrial conditions, and achieving cost-effective large-scale applications. Future research should emphasize on scalable synthesis, industrial validation, and development of multifunctional adsorbents with enhanced selectivity and reusability. This review provides insights into the rational design of next-generation porous materials for efficient iodine capture, contributing to advancements in nuclear waste management and environmental sustainability.
对核能日益增长的依赖使得管理乏核燃料的有效策略成为必要，特别是捕获挥发性放射性碘，因为它会带来重大的环境和健康风险。晶体多孔材料因其高比表面积、可调节的孔隙率和丰富的活性位点，已成为碘吸附的有前景的候选材料。本文综述全面总结了四类用于碘捕获的晶体多孔材料在设计和应用方面的最新进展：金属有机框架、共价有机框架、氢键有机框架和多孔有机笼。讨论集中在增强碘吸附容量、保留率和可回收性的关键吸附机制、结构修饰和功能化策略上。虽然已取得重大进展，但在扩大合成规模、提高工业条件下的稳定性以及实现具有成本效益的大规模应用方面仍存在挑战。未来的研究应强调可扩展合成、工业验证以及开发具有更高选择性和可重复使用性的多功能吸附剂。本文综述为合理设计用于高效碘捕获的下一代多孔材料提供了见解，有助于核废料管理和环境可持续性的进展。
