Nian Zhaoyang, Lin Yuting, Tang Wei, Quan Chunxia, Wen Jing, Jin Xinqian, Zhang Zheqing, Mao Limei
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, P. R. China.
Food Funct. 2025 Jun 3;16(11):4451-4464. doi: 10.1039/d5fo01018g.
: Recent studies on type 2 diabetes (T2D) have identified several novel biomarkers that demonstrate greater stability compared to traditional blood glucose indicators. This trial aimed to investigate the effect of fish oil intervention on these T2D early risk novel biomarkers. : We conducted a 12-week double-blind randomized controlled trial, the healthy middle-aged and elderly participants over 40 years old were randomly divided into the control group, fish oil group 1 (FO1), fish oil group 2 (FO2), and fish oil group 3 (FO3), with each FO group receiving 0.31, 0.62, and 1.24 g of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), respectively. The control group abstained from consuming any fish oil supplements. At week 12, serum samples were collected and compared with the control group to explore the effects of different doses on serum n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and T2D early risk novel biomarkers. : A total of 240 participants were recruited into this double-blind randomized controlled trial, and 201 finally completed the intervention trial, including 57 males and 144 females. The results indicate that after controlling for relevant confounders, a 12-week fish oil intervention dose-dependently increased serum EPA and DHA, while decreasing fasting insulin (FINS), HOMA-IR index ( < 0.01). Concurrently, fasting blood glucose (FBG) exhibited a downward trend across all groups, with significant differences compared with the baseline ( < 0.01); mannan-binding lectin serine protease 1 (MASP1), UA to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (UHR) and lipid-related indices in various groups also demonstrated a decreasing trend, with significant differences compared with the baseline ( < 0.05). : Moderate supplementation with fish oil may diminish the early risk of T2D in healthy middle-aged and elderly adults by enhancing insulin sensitivity, and maintaining insulin homeostasis.
近期关于2型糖尿病（T2D）的研究已经确定了几种新型生物标志物，与传统血糖指标相比，这些标志物显示出更高的稳定性。本试验旨在研究鱼油干预对这些T2D早期风险新型生物标志物的影响。：我们进行了一项为期12周的双盲随机对照试验，将40岁以上的健康中老年参与者随机分为对照组、鱼油组1（FO1）、鱼油组2（FO2）和鱼油组3（FO3），每个鱼油组分别接受0.31、0.62和1.24克二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）。对照组不食用任何鱼油补充剂。在第12周时，采集血清样本并与对照组进行比较，以探讨不同剂量对血清n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）和T2D早期风险新型生物标志物的影响。：共有240名参与者被纳入这项双盲随机对照试验，最终有201人完成了干预试验，其中男性57人，女性144人。结果表明，在控制相关混杂因素后，为期12周的鱼油干预剂量依赖性地增加了血清EPA和DHA，同时降低了空腹胰岛素（FINS）、HOMA-IR指数（<0.01）。同时，所有组的空腹血糖（FBG）均呈下降趋势，与基线相比有显著差异（<0.01）；各组中的甘露糖结合凝集素丝氨酸蛋白酶1（MASP1）、尿酸与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）比值（UHR）及脂质相关指标也呈下降趋势，与基线相比有显著差异（<0.05）。：适度补充鱼油可能通过增强胰岛素敏感性和维持胰岛素稳态来降低健康中老年成年人患T2D的早期风险。
