Huang Li, Huang Yanling, Zhang Huan, Lyu Chunmei
School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Nursing Department, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, People's Republic of China.
Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2025 May 8;18:1527-1538. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S513544. eCollection 2025.
Pregnant women face a higher risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) due to the poor dietary habits. GDM can influence the health of both mothers and child. As food processing develops, pregnant women inevitably consume artificial sweeteners, among with the three most common are sucralose, aspartame, and sodium saccharin. It is a concern whether artificial sweeteners consumed during pregnancy increases GDM risk.
To analyze the association between artificial sweetener consumption during pregnancy and the incidence of GDM.
422 pregnant women from a Guangdong hospital were surveyed through convenience sampling. The questionnaire collected general information, artificial sweeteners consumption and other GDM related factors. According to the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG), GDM was diagnosed was met the 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at any time of pregnancy. The consumption of artificial sweeteners was categorized into low and high-consumption groups according to a four-point scale. A multifactorial logistic regression model was used to control for confounders and analyze the association between artificial sweetener consumption andGDM.
This study included 422 pregnant women with a mean age of (32 ± 3.73) years and a GDM incidence of 13.74%. The GDM incidence was higher in the high artificial sweeteners consumption group (56.90%), than in the low consumption group (43.10%) (p < 0.05). Increased artificial sweetener consumption was linked to a higher GDM risk (OR=2.66,95% CI: 1.48-1.78). High artificial sweeteners consumption was a GDM risk factor in BMI-stratified analyses.
High consumption of artificial sweeteners, like sucralose, aspartame, and sodium saccharin, is linked to increased risk of GDM in pregnant women. Further research is required to confirm results and explore mechanism, guiding healthy eating habits during pregnancy.
由于饮食习惯不良，孕妇患妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）的风险更高。GDM会影响母亲和孩子的健康。随着食品加工业的发展，孕妇不可避免地会摄入人工甜味剂，其中最常见的三种是三氯蔗糖、阿斯巴甜和糖精钠。孕期摄入人工甜味剂是否会增加GDM风险令人担忧。
分析孕期人工甜味剂摄入量与GDM发病率之间的关联。
通过便利抽样对广东某医院的422名孕妇进行调查。问卷收集了一般信息、人工甜味剂摄入量及其他与GDM相关的因素。根据国际糖尿病与妊娠研究组（IADPSG）的标准，在孕期任何时间进行75g口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT），符合标准则诊断为GDM。人工甜味剂的摄入量根据四分制量表分为低消费组和高消费组。采用多因素逻辑回归模型控制混杂因素，分析人工甜味剂摄入量与GDM之间的关联。
本研究纳入422名孕妇，平均年龄为（32±3.73）岁，GDM发病率为13.74%。人工甜味剂高消费组的GDM发病率（56.90%）高于低消费组（43.10%）（p<0.05）。人工甜味剂摄入量增加与更高的GDM风险相关（OR=2.66，95%CI：1.48-1.78）。在按体重指数分层的分析中，高人工甜味剂摄入量是GDM的一个风险因素。
高摄入三氯蔗糖、阿斯巴甜和糖精钠等人工甜味剂与孕妇GDM风险增加有关。需要进一步研究以证实结果并探索机制，指导孕期健康饮食习惯。
