Advancements in TiC MXene-Integrated Various Metal Hydrides for Hydrogen Energy Storage: A Review.

The current world is increasingly focusing on renewable energy sources with strong emphasis on the economically viable use of renewable energy to reduce carbon emissions and safeguard human health. Solid-state hydrogen (H) storage materials offer a higher density compared to traditional gaseous and liquid storage methods. In this context, this review evaluates recent advancements in binary, ternary, and complex metal hydrides integrated with 2D TiC MXene for enhancing H storage performance. This perspective highlights the progress made in H storage through the development of active sites, created by interactions between multilayers, few-layers, and internal edge sites of TiC MXene with metal hydrides. Specifically, the selective incorporation of TiC MXene content has significantly contributed to improvements in the H storage performance of various metal hydrides. Key benefits include low operating temperatures and enhanced H storage capacity observed in TiC MXene/metal hydride composites. The versatility of titanium multiple valence states (Ti, Ti, Ti, and Ti) and Ti-C bonding in TiC plays a crucial role in optimizing the H absorption and desorption processes. Based on these promising developments, we emphasize the potential of solid-state TiC MXene interfaces with various metal hydrides for fuel cell applications. Overall, 2D TiC MXenes represent a significant advancement in realizing efficient H storage. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future directions for advancing 2D TiC MXenes toward commercial-scale H storage solutions.