Rivard Etienne, Trudeau Michel, Zaghib Karim
Centre of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage, Hydro-Quebec, 1806, boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes J3X 1S1, Canada.
Materials (Basel). 2019 Jun 19;12(12):1973. doi: 10.3390/ma12121973.
Numerous reviews on hydrogen storage have previously been published. However, most of these reviews deal either exclusively with storage materials or the global hydrogen economy. This paper presents a review of hydrogen storage systems that are relevant for mobility applications. The ideal storage medium should allow high volumetric and gravimetric energy densities, quick uptake and release of fuel, operation at room temperatures and atmospheric pressure, safe use, and balanced cost-effectiveness. All current hydrogen storage technologies have significant drawbacks, including complex thermal management systems, boil-off, poor efficiency, expensive catalysts, stability issues, slow response rates, high operating pressures, low energy densities, and risks of violent and uncontrolled spontaneous reactions. While not perfect, the current leading industry standard of compressed hydrogen offers a functional solution and demonstrates a storage option for mobility compared to other technologies.
此前已发表了许多关于氢存储的综述。然而，这些综述大多要么只涉及存储材料，要么只涉及全球氢经济。本文对与移动应用相关的氢存储系统进行了综述。理想的存储介质应具备高体积和高重量能量密度、燃料的快速吸收和释放、在室温及大气压下运行、安全使用以及平衡的成本效益。目前所有的氢存储技术都存在重大缺陷，包括复杂的热管理系统、蒸发损失、效率低下、昂贵的催化剂、稳定性问题、响应速度慢、高工作压力、低能量密度以及剧烈且不受控制的自发反应风险。虽然并不完美，但目前压缩氢这一领先的行业标准提供了一种实用的解决方案，并展示了一种相对于其他技术而言适用于移动性的存储选项。
