Availability and Purchasing of Gluten-Free Cereal Products in a Polish Population of Female Celiac Disease Patients.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The problems with following a gluten-free (GF) diet result from the high cost of GF products, their limited availability for celiac disease (CD) patients, and their disputable quality. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the frequency of buying and availability of GF cereal products in a population of Polish female CD patients.

METHODS

This study was conducted in a population of Polish female CD patients who were members of the Polish Celiac Society, and = 547 respondents were included in this study. Participants were asked about the frequency of buying and problems with the availability of GF cereal products, which were compared by sub-groups stratified by age, place of residence, place of purchasing major grocery shopping and purchasing GF products online.

RESULTS

The majority of the studied female CD patients declared often purchasing GF flour, pasta, and bread, as well as never purchasing GF puff pastry, fried baked goods, dumplings, and crackers. The only product for which the majority of the studied participants declared problems with availability was dumplings. For younger respondents, a higher share declared often buying GF pasta ( = 0.0073), chips, crisps and puffs ( < 0.0001), and Asian-style noodles ( = 0.0269), as well as declared problems with the availability of GF wraps/tortillas ( = 0.0001), puff pastry ( = 0.0294), fried baked goods ( = 0.0008), biscuits/cookies ( = 0.0148), and Asian-style noodles ( = 0.0046) compared to older respondents, while for older respondents, a higher share declared often buying GF flour ( = 0.0358), and never buying GF wraps/tortillas ( = 0.0181). For respondents living in big cities, a higher share declared problems with the availability of GF pasta compared to respondents living in small towns/villages ( = 0.0245). For respondents purchasing major grocery shopping in hypermarkets, a higher share declared often buying GF biscuits/cookies compared to respondents purchasing in other shops ( = 0.0039), while for respondents purchasing in other shops, a higher share declared never buying puff pastry ( = 0.0076), dumplings ( = 0.0002), and wraps/tortillas ( = 0.0038), as well as declared problems with availability of GF puff pastry ( = 0.0246), biscuits/cookies ( = 0.0002), and breakfast cereals ( = 0.0011). For respondents not purchasing GF products online, a higher share declared never buying GF fried baked goods compared to respondents purchasing online at least occasionally ( = 0.0284), as well as a lower share declared problems with the availability of GF wraps/tortillas (45% vs. 33%, = 0.0411).

CONCLUSIONS

The population of Polish female CD patients seems quite diverse in terms of the chosen GF cereal products, with age, primary place of purchasing major grocery shopping and purchasing GF products online, but not the place of residence, as the major determinants. The declared problems with the availability of GF products are probably associated with two diverse mechanisms-either frequent purchasing (as individuals not purchasing may not be interested in such a product at all) or rare purchasing (which may result from poor availability). Increasing the availability of GF cereal products for a population of Polish female CD patients may allow them to obtain a more diverse diet.