Shi Tingting, Ristic Renata, Wilkinson Kerry
School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.
Foods. 2025 Apr 28;14(9):1550. doi: 10.3390/foods14091550.
Vineyard smoke exposure can lead to the accumulation of free and glycosylated volatile phenols (VPs) in grapes, negatively affecting wine quality. Activated carbon fibre (ACF) cloth has proven effective in mitigating smoke contamination of grapes, but its commercial use is hindered by low tensile strength and light transmission. This study therefore compared the efficacy of different fabrics (polyester, polypropylene, cotton and viscose) to mitigate the smoke contamination of grapes (benchmarking against ACF cloth), alongside their physical properties (i.e., tensile strength and air permeability). Polyester and polypropylene provided limited protection, whereas grapes enclosed in cotton or viscose had VP profiles that were comparable to grapes enclosed in ACF cloth (i.e., VP concentrations ≤ 5.3 µg/kg). In a subsequent trial, ACF cloth prevented the uptake of >90% of smoke-derived VPs during ten successive smoke treatments, but after repeated smoke exposure, VP concentrations had increased in grapes enclosed in cotton and viscose, presumably due to saturation. Washing and drying restored the protection afforded by cotton and viscose but resulted in the disintegration of the ACF cloth. However, the application of a non-woven fabric to one or both sides of the ACF cloth improved tensile strength, without significantly compromising air permeability. These findings demonstrate the potential for fabric coverings to be used to mitigate the occurrence of smoke taint in the vineyard, with ACF affording superior protection.
葡萄园烟雾暴露会导致葡萄中游离和糖基化挥发性酚（VPs）的积累，对葡萄酒质量产生负面影响。活性炭纤维（ACF）布已被证明能有效减轻葡萄的烟雾污染，但其商业应用因拉伸强度低和透光性差而受阻。因此，本研究比较了不同织物（聚酯、聚丙烯、棉和粘胶）减轻葡萄烟雾污染的效果（以ACF布为基准），以及它们的物理性能（即拉伸强度和透气性）。聚酯和聚丙烯提供的保护有限，而用棉布或粘胶布包裹的葡萄的VP分布与用ACF布包裹的葡萄相当（即VP浓度≤5.3μg/kg）。在随后的试验中，ACF布在连续十次烟雾处理期间阻止了>90%的烟雾衍生VPs的吸收，但在反复烟雾暴露后，用棉布和粘胶布包裹的葡萄中的VP浓度有所增加，可能是由于饱和。洗涤和干燥恢复了棉布和粘胶布提供的保护，但导致ACF布解体。然而，在ACF布的一侧或两侧应用无纺布提高了拉伸强度，而没有显著影响透气性。这些发现表明织物覆盖物有可能用于减轻葡萄园烟雾污染的发生，ACF提供了更好的保护。
