Álvarez-Chávez Jimena, Dufoo-Hurtado Elisa, Santos-Zea Liliana, Ramírez-Jiménez Aurea K
School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey C.P. 64849, NL, Mexico.
Foods. 2025 May 6;14(9):1632. doi: 10.3390/foods14091632.
The production of mezcal from agave is one of the main beverage industries worldwide, generating large amounts of waste, such as agave bagasse. Improper management of this waste often causes environmental contamination. Some studies have begun to demonstrate that agave bagasse has the potential to be recycled as a source of functional ingredients due to its dietary fiber and bioactive compound content. However, the greatest disadvantage of using these wastes is the significant variation in compound content and bioactivity in response to seasonal climatic variations. This study aimed to analyze the chemical and bioactive content of agave bagasse from three mezcal factories in Mexico. We conducted proximate composition analysis, phenolic compound measurement, dietary fiber assessment, antioxidant capacity evaluation, and structural analysis using FTIR- Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The study found significantly higher ash content (17.75%), carbohydrates (86.71%), and soluble fiber (30.91%) in the spring compared to other seasons. The summer showed a higher lipid content (10.25%), while the highest concentration of sugars (47.77%) was observed during the winter. The highest antioxidant capacity (106.15 mM eq Trolox/mg) was recorded in autumn. The FTIR analysis revealed that the greatest abundance of bioactive compounds was observed in the spring and summer, while structural carbohydrates were more prominent in autumn and winter. This study is the first to thoroughly analyze the seasonal variation in phytochemicals and macromolecules in agave residues, crucial for exploring new ingredient sources to expand our food supply and recycling agri-food wastes.
利用龙舌兰生产梅斯卡尔酒是全球主要的饮料产业之一，会产生大量废弃物，如龙舌兰渣。对这些废弃物管理不当往往会造成环境污染。一些研究已开始表明，由于龙舌兰渣含有膳食纤维和生物活性化合物，它有作为功能性成分来源进行回收利用的潜力。然而，利用这些废弃物的最大缺点是，化合物含量和生物活性会因季节性气候变化而出现显著差异。本研究旨在分析墨西哥三家梅斯卡尔酒厂的龙舌兰渣的化学和生物活性成分。我们进行了近似成分分析、酚类化合物测定、膳食纤维评估、抗氧化能力评价，并使用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪进行了结构分析。研究发现，与其他季节相比，春季龙舌兰渣的灰分含量（17.75%）、碳水化合物含量（86.71%）和可溶性纤维含量（30.91%）显著更高。夏季的脂质含量更高（10.25%），而冬季观察到的糖浓度最高（47.77%）。秋季记录到最高抗氧化能力（106.15 mM 当量 Trolox/毫克）。傅里叶变换红外光谱分析表明，春季和夏季生物活性化合物含量最高，而秋季和冬季结构碳水化合物更为突出。本研究首次全面分析了龙舌兰残渣中植物化学物质和大分子的季节性变化，这对于探索新的成分来源以扩大我们的食物供应和回收农业食品废弃物至关重要。
