Holscher Hannah D
a Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and Division of Nutritional Sciences , University of Illinois , 361 Edward R. Madigan Laboratory, Urbana , IL USA.
Gut Microbes. 2017 Mar 4;8(2):172-184. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2017.1290756. Epub 2017 Feb 6.
The gastrointestinal microbiota has an important role in human health, and there is increasing interest in utilizing dietary approaches to modulate the composition and metabolic function of the microbial communities that colonize the gastrointestinal tract to improve health, and prevent or treat disease. One dietary strategy for modulating the microbiota is consumption of dietary fiber and prebiotics that can be metabolized by microbes in the gastrointestinal tract. Human alimentary enzymes are not able to digest most complex carbohydrates and plant polysaccharides. Instead, these polysaccharides are metabolized by microbes which generate short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetate, propionate, and butyrate. This article reviews the current knowledge of the impact of fiber and prebiotic consumption on the composition and metabolic function of the human gastrointestinal microbiota, including the effects of physiochemical properties of complex carbohydrates, adequate intake and treatment dosages, and the phenotypic responses related to the composition of the human microbiota.
胃肠道微生物群在人类健康中起着重要作用，人们越来越有兴趣利用饮食方法来调节定植于胃肠道的微生物群落的组成和代谢功能，以改善健康状况并预防或治疗疾病。调节微生物群的一种饮食策略是食用膳食纤维和益生元，它们可被胃肠道中的微生物代谢。人类消化酶无法消化大多数复杂碳水化合物和植物多糖。相反，这些多糖被微生物代谢，产生短链脂肪酸（SCFA），包括乙酸盐、丙酸盐和丁酸盐。本文综述了目前关于食用纤维和益生元对人类胃肠道微生物群的组成和代谢功能影响的知识，包括复杂碳水化合物的理化性质、适当摄入量和治疗剂量的影响，以及与人类微生物群组成相关的表型反应。
