Mądzielewska Weronika Irena, Jachimowicz Piotr, Otieno Job Oliver, Cydzik-Kwiatkowska Agnieszka
Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland.
Institute of Environmental Technology, Centre for Energy and Environmental Technologies, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Apr 27;26(9):4136. doi: 10.3390/ijms26094136.
In recent years, there has been an increase in the emission of tire wear particle (TWP) microplastics from wastewater treatment plants into the environment. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of TWPs in wastewater flowing into a biological reactor on the transcription of the gene and the key genes responsible for nitrogen metabolism, , and , in aerobic granular sludge. The laboratory experiment was carried out in sequencing aerobic granular sludge reactors operated in an 8 h cycle into which TWP microplastics were introduced with municipal wastewater at a dose of 50-500 mg TWPs/L. The ammonia removal rate and the production of oxidized forms of nitrogen increased with the TWP dose. Gene transcript abundance analysis showed that the presence of rubber and substances leached from it promoted the activity of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (160% increase), while the transcription of genes related to denitrification conversions was negatively affected. The activity of nitrite reductase gradually decreased with increasing TWP concentration in wastewater (decreased by 33% at 500 mg TWPs/L), while nitric oxide reductase activity was significantly inhibited even at the lowest TWP dose (decreased by 58% at 500 mg TWPs/L). The data obtained indicate that further studies are needed on the mechanisms of the effects of TWPs on the activities of the most important groups of microorganisms in wastewater treatment to minimize the negative effects of TWPs on biological wastewater treatment.
近年来，污水处理厂向环境排放的轮胎磨损颗粒（TWP）微塑料有所增加。本研究的目的是确定流入生物反应器的废水中的TWP对好氧颗粒污泥中基因以及负责氮代谢的关键基因（、和）转录的影响。实验室实验在以8小时为周期运行的序批式好氧颗粒污泥反应器中进行，将TWP微塑料以50 - 500毫克TWP/升的剂量与城市污水一起引入。氨去除率和氧化态氮的产量随TWP剂量增加而增加。基因转录丰度分析表明，橡胶及其浸出物的存在促进了氨氧化细菌的活性（增加了160%），而与反硝化转化相关的基因转录受到负面影响。随着废水中TWP浓度的增加，亚硝酸还原酶的活性逐渐降低（在500毫克TWP/升时降低了33%），而一氧化氮还原酶活性即使在最低TWP剂量下也受到显著抑制（在500毫克TWP/升时降低了58%）。获得的数据表明，需要进一步研究TWP对废水处理中最重要微生物群活性的影响机制，以尽量减少TWP对生物废水处理的负面影响。
