Muttiah Barathan, Hanafiah Alfizah
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
GUT Research Group, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Apr 30;26(9):4264. doi: 10.3390/ijms26094264.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including heart failure (HF), hypertension, myocardial infarction (MI), and atherosclerosis, are increasingly linked to gut microbiota dysbiosis and its metabolic byproducts. HF, affecting over 64 million individuals globally, is associated with systemic inflammation and gut barrier dysfunction, exacerbating disease progression. Similarly, hypertension and MI correlate with reduced microbial diversity and an abundance of pro-inflammatory bacteria, contributing to vascular inflammation and increased cardiovascular risk. Atherosclerosis is also influenced by gut dysbiosis, with key microbial metabolites such as trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) playing crucial roles in disease pathogenesis. Emerging evidence highlights the therapeutic potential of natural compounds, including flavonoids, omega-3 fatty acids, resveratrol, curcumin, and marine-derived bioactives, which modulate the gut microbiota and confer cardioprotective effects. These insights underscore the gut microbiota as a critical regulator of cardiovascular health, suggesting that targeting dysbiosis may offer novel preventive and therapeutic strategies. Further research is needed to elucidate underlying mechanisms and optimize microbiome-based interventions for improved cardiovascular outcomes.
心血管疾病（CVDs），包括心力衰竭（HF）、高血压、心肌梗死（MI）和动脉粥样硬化，越来越多地与肠道微生物群失调及其代谢副产物相关联。心力衰竭在全球影响着超过6400万人，与全身炎症和肠道屏障功能障碍有关，会加剧疾病进展。同样，高血压和心肌梗死与微生物多样性降低和促炎细菌大量存在相关，会导致血管炎症并增加心血管疾病风险。动脉粥样硬化也受肠道微生物群失调影响，关键的微生物代谢产物如氧化三甲胺（TMAO）和短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）在疾病发病机制中起关键作用。新出现的证据凸显了天然化合物的治疗潜力，包括类黄酮、ω-3脂肪酸、白藜芦醇、姜黄素和海洋来源的生物活性物质，它们可调节肠道微生物群并赋予心脏保护作用。这些见解强调肠道微生物群是心血管健康的关键调节因子，表明针对微生物群失调可能提供新的预防和治疗策略。需要进一步研究以阐明潜在机制并优化基于微生物群的干预措施，以改善心血管疾病结局。
